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Bilingualism and Deafness: On Language Contact in the Bilingual Acquisition of Sign Language and Wri
The path toward sign bilingualism: a cross-disciplinary perspective
(Sign) Bilingualism as an object of scientific enquiry
Narrowing the focus on sign bilingualism
Outline of the work
Sign bilingualism: sociolinguistic aspects
Bilingualism as a societal phenomenon
Types of multilingualism
The status of languages in a situation of contact
The notion of community: language and group identity
Language planning: models and measures
Sign language on the agenda
The development of the deaf community
Sign language transmission
Demography
Deaf activism
Deaf movement
Empowerment
Deafhood
Sign language planning
Sign bilingualism and deaf education
Aims and types of bilingual education
Bilingual education programmes: Variables
Bilingual education and academic achievements
Sign bilingual education
Variation in sign bilingual education: a critical appraisal
Sign bilingualism: challenges and perspectives along the research- policy-practice axis
Sign bilingualism: a developmental linguistics perspective
What is acquired: Universal and language-specific properties of grammar
Sentence structure: a basic design
Functional categories: sentence structure and grammatical processes
How grammar is acquired: a UG based dynamic model
The Principles and Parameters model
Accounting for development: Structure-building hypothesis
Accounting for variation: a dynamic approach to language development
A dynamic view of changes in learner grammars
Language separation and interaction in bilingual language acquisition
Language separation
Bilinguals’ pooling of resources
Narrowing the focus: bimodal bilingual language acquisition in deaf learners
Acquisition scenarios and status of the languages
Hypotheses about the acquisition of the written language
Hypotheses about the spoken language-written language relation
Autonomy and interaction in the acquisition of the written language
Attaining the writing system
Main tasks
Strategies in early word reading and writing
The role of metalinguistic awareness
Hypotheses about cross-modal language mixing
Introducing the study: Deaf learners’ acquisition of DGS and German
Research questions
Introducing the case studies
Participants
Key features of the Berlin bilingual education programme
Method
Procedure
Analysis of the data
Outline of the empirical chapters
DGS: a grammatical sketch
Word order
Word order and morphological case
Referential and spatial loci
Morphosyntax
Plain verbs
pam (personal agreement marker)
Spatial verbs
Classifier agreement
Agreement verbs
Agreement: some points of controversy
Syntax-discourse interface
Subject drop and discourse topic drop
(Co-)Reference: establishing and maintaining reference in signed discourse
Referential shift
Sign spaces: a note on terminology
Signalling referential shift
Shifted reference: grammatical aspects
Shifting reference: pragmatic aspects
Reference forms and functions
Complex classifier constructions and the expression of spatial relations
A structural account of DGS
Research on the acquisition of DGS (and other sign languages)
Word order
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Referential establishment and maintenance
Complex classifier constructions
Referential shift
Reference forms and functions
Development of coherence and cohesion
Sign language acquisition: diagnostic criteria
Analyses of DGS data and outline of the empirical chapters
Developmental profile: Muhammed
DGS competence at the onset of the study
Syntax
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Further development: increasing narrative complexity
Syntax and morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Language contact
Developmental profile: Simon
DGS competence at the onset of the study
Syntax
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Further development
Syntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Language contact
Developmental profile: Maria
DGS competence at the onset of the study
Syntax
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Further development: increasing narrative complexity
Orchestration of linguistic devices for narrative purposes
Developmental profile: Fuad
DGS competence at the onset of the study
Syntax
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Further development
Structural complexity
Syntax-discourse interface
Developmental profile: Hamida
DGS competence at the onset of the study
Syntax
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Further development: mastery of the syntax-discourse interface
Syntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Developmental profile: Christa
DGS competence at the onset of the study
Syntax
Morphosyntax
Syntax-discourse interface
Further development: increasing narrative complexity
Syntactic complexity
Syntax-discourse interface
Language contact
Discussion
Sentence structure
IP tracking: syntactic arrangements and morphosyntactic landmarks
CP tracking: sentence types and signers’ perspectives
The syntax-discourse interface: on the orchestration of linguistic devices for
narrative purposes
Referential establishment and maintenance
Reference forms and functions
Expression of spatial relations
Some notes on the organisation of narrative texts
Bilingual deaf learners’ written German profiles
German: a grammatical sketch
Word order
Inflectional morphology
Word order and morphological case
A structural account of German
Research on the acquisition of German
A fragmented picture of deaf learners’ written language competence
Theoretically based hypotheses of deaf learners’ written productions
Tracing the sources of deaf learner errors
Acquisition of German: diagnostic criteria
VP structures
IP structures
CP structures
Structure building in the acquisition of German
Analysis of Written German data and outline of the empirical chapters
Developmental profile: Muhammed
Word order in Muhammed’s narratives
Written German competence at the onset of the study
Further development
Expansion of the VP structure: coexistence of VP and IP structures
V2 and complex clauses
Language contact phenomena
Verb inflection in Muhammed’s narratives
Developmental profile: Simon
Word order in Simon’s narratives
Written German competence at the onset of the study
Further development
Word order variation
Concatenation of propositions
Lack of evidence for the expansion of the VP
Verb inflection in Simon’s narratives
Developmental profile: Maria
Word order in Maria’s narratives
Written German competence at the onset of the study
Further development
Variation in the left periphery and complex clauses V2 constraint
Implementation of V2
Verb inflection in Maria’s narratives
Developmental profile: Fuad
Word order in Fuad’s narratives
Written German competence at the onset of the study
Further development
Expansion of the VP structure: coexistence of VP and IP structures
Word order and language contact
Complex clauses and V2
Verb inflection in Fuad’s narratives
Developmental profile: Hamida
Word order in Hamida’s narratives
Written German competence at the onset of the study
Further development
Coexistence of head-initial and head-final IP structures
Variation in the left periphery
Candidates for language mixing
Verb inflection in Hamida’s narratives
Developmental profile: Christa
Word order in Christa’s narratives
Written German competence at the onset of the study
Further development
Word order variation and language contact
Expansion of the VP structure
Verb inflection in Christa’s narratives
Discussion
Exploiting elementary structural domains: variation at the VP level
On the (questionable) use of a basic pattern: early SVX
Basic building blocks and verb drop
Candidates for cross-modal language mixing: Pooling of linguistic resources
Structure-building: variation and the dynamics of language development
Signposts for the implementation of the IP: auxiliary and modal verbs
Discovering the connections: verb raising
Signs of variation: verb inflection morphology
Inter-modal go-betweens: language borrowing and the unclear role of LBG
Individual variation in the implementation of the IP
V2, CP and the restructuring of IP
Variation in the left periphery
Subordination and question formation
Language mixing
Sign bilingualism as a challenge and as a resource
Toward a cross-disciplinary view of sign bilingualism
Sign bilingualism as a challenge
The changing status of sign language in deaf education
Modelling bilingualism and deafness in education
Sign bilingualism as a resource
The dynamics of (bilingual) language acquisition
On the orchestration of linguistic devices in the acquisition of DGS
Climbing up the structure tree in the acquisition of German
Pooling of resources in the organisation a multilingual competence
Concluding remarks
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