Integrated History and Philosophy of Science: Problems, Perspectives, and Case Studies

I Integrated History and Philosophy of Science. Contributions from the 5th Conference Metaphysics and the Unity of Science: Two Hundred Years of Controversy Metaphysics The Unity of Science The Dyadic Tradition A Defense of the Dyadic Tradition Windelband Windelband: Laws vs. Unique Particulars Windelband: Abstraction vs. Perceptuality Windelband: Values Windelband: Human Indeterminacy and Freedom A Dilemma Bibliography Saving Models from Phenomena: A Cautionary Tale from Membrane and Cell Biology Introduction Models, Theory, and Evidence: The View from the Life Sciences The Case of Membrane Models in Cell Biology Epistemological Strategies and Technological Conditions of Evidentiary Success Theoretical Commitments as Guide and Constraint References My Touchstone Puzzles. W.D. Hamilton’s Work on Social Wasps in the 1960s Introduction Inclusive Fitness Theory and the Haplodiploidy Hypothesis The Puzzle Brazilian Wasps Polygyny and Poliandry Grappling with a Puzzle Observations and Attempts to Experimentation Doubts and Adjustments to the Model Conclusions Bibliography The First Century of Cell Theory: From Structural Units to Complex Living Systems The Standard Story Writing a New History Around 1950 Putting the Life in Cells Cell Theory Fertilization Cells from Other Cells Cytoplasm and Nucleus Cell Lineage Cell-Cell Interactions Regen eration Cell Culture Conclusion References Theorizing the Distinction Between Solids, Liquids and Air: Pressure from Stevin to Pascal Common Distinctions Between Solids, Liquids and Air Stevin’s Hydrostatics Limitations of Attempts by Galileo and Descartes to Characterise Liquids Understanding Air as Distinct from Liquids and Solids in the Wake of Torricelli Pascal’s Moves Towards a Technical Concept of Pressure Beyond Pascal to Boyle’s Concept of Pressure in Liquids “Beyond the Conventional Boundaries of Physics”: On Relating Ernst Mach’s Philosophy to His Teaching and Research in the 1870s and 1880s Beyond the Conventional Boundaries of Physics Mach’s Early Career Mach’s Anti-metaphysics Mass and Mechanics Mach’s Philosophy: Sensation, Matter, Soul References Scientific Inference and the Earth’s Interior: Dorothy Wrinch and Harold Jeffreys at Cambridge Introduction Dorothy Wrinch and Harold Jeffreys: Biographical Sketches The Wrinch-Jeffreys Papers Wrinch and Jeffreys on Russell’s Epistemology of Science Wrinch and Jeffreys on a Probabilistic Epistemology of Science Conclusion References Values, Facts and Methodologies. A Case Study in Philosophy of Economics Introduction The Socialist Calculation Debate and Its Background: The Methodenstreit The Methodenstreit Restarted Economics as an a priori Science Mises’ Argument Against Marketless Socialism Mises’ Characterization of His Opposition Neurath’s Opposition to Mises’ Argument A Different Anti-socialist Calculation Argument Conclusion References Extended Evolution and the History of Knowledge Introduction Cultural Evolution The History of Knowledge as a Case of Extended Evolution From Biological to Cultural Evolution The Evolution of Language The Neolithic Revolution The Evolution of Writing Systems The Dynamics of Cultural Evolution Outlook References II General Part Carnap’s Weltanschauung and the Jugendbewegung: The Story of an Omitted Chapter Introduction The Jugendbewegung and Its Effect on Carnap’s Weltanschauung The “Intimate” Parts of the Biography Bibliography