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Arguments about abortion : personhood, morality, and law

Preliminaries The Argument to Come I ORDERING THE ARGUMENT What Should Abortion Argument Be About?Persons and Human Beings Dworkin and the Red Herring Personhood v the Intrinsic Value of Human Life ‘Signal inconsistencies’The ‘Anti-Personhood’ Argument Intractability and Compromise Vagueness and Redundancy Conclusion Gestation as Good Samaritanism The Liberal Principle The Violinist Analogy Criticism of the Good Samaritan Thesis A Duty to Gestate?Is Abortion the Failure to Rescue?Killing and Letting Die Harming and Not Helping Conclusion Abortion as Justified Homicide Self-Defence and the Conflict of Rights Necessity and Morally Permissible Killing ‘The lesser of two evils’Morally permissible killing and necessity in the law Intention and the doctrine of double-effect The manner of killing Double-effect and comparing intentions Conclusion Analogical Arguments and Sex Equality The Use of Analogies in Abortion Argument The Sex Equality Argument Sex Equality and Fetal Personhood II THE THRESHOLD OF PERSONHOOD Personhood Thresholds, Arbitrariness, and ‘Punctualism’Thresholds of Personhood Arbitrariness of Different Kinds Conception and the Sorites Paradox Punctualism v Gradualism Personhood Continuums The ‘Brain Cell Spectrum’The ‘Transgenic Spectrum’The ‘Sentience Spectrum’Dualism, Substantial Identity, and the Precautionary Principle What Would Make Punctualism True?Dualism Personhood Essentialism and the Argument from Substantial Identity Quantitative Properties The Precautionary Principle Gradualism and Human Embodiment Gradualisms Reductio Problems and the Conditions for Personhood Infanticide, radical cognitive deficiency, and sedation Species membership and potentiality Multi-Criterial Approaches Archetypes and Qualifiers Human Embodiment Human Equality and the Significance of Birth The Equality Problem and the Threshold Problem Personhood as a ‘Range Property’‘Opacity Respect’The Edge of the Range From Womb to World Intrinsic and extrinsic qualities Embodiment in the world Conclusion III PRINCIPLE AND PRAGMATISM Regulating Abortion Modes of Regulation Moral Conclusions and Legal Regulation Legal Goals and Legal Constraints Proportional moral gravity Upper limits Late abortion and fetal pain Lower Limits and the ‘Right’ to Abortion Selective Abortion. Sex and Disability ‘Hard Cases’Sex Selective Abortion Fetal Abnormality Abortion Making an Exception for Sex Selection Fetal Abnormality and Consistency Choice and coercion Conclusion Matters of Conscience The Case of the Catholic Midwives The Problem of Conscience The Purpose of the Law Cogs in the Machine The Burdens of Conscience Conscientious Provision Bibliography

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