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Europe: Continent of Conspiracies: Conspiracy Theories in and about Europe
Europe: a continent shaped by conspiracy theories?
Conspiratorial self-identification in a tension between internal dissolution and external threat: a model
Note
References
THE NEW EUROPEAN ORDER? EUROSCEPTICISM AND CONSPIRACY BELIEF
Conspiracies about the European Union
Conspiracy belief and Anti-EU attitudes among populists and the extreme right
Euroscepticism and conspiracy belief
Discussion
References
THE EURABIA CONSPIRACY THEORY
The Great Replacement
The Eurabia literature
Early examples
Anti-immigration
/11
The Syrian War and the refugee crisis
Moving east
France and the identitarians
Brexit and the United Kingdom
Violent turn
Manifestation of the Eurabia conspiracy theory
Note
References
METAPHORS OF INVASION Imagining Europe as endangered by Islamisation
Metaphors and discourses on the invasion of Islam: between the discourse of hate and the discourse of fear
Metaphors, conspiracy theories and the threats of Islamisation
The demographic invasion: from warrior arrival to prolific settlement
The invasion of culture and identities: the rejection of multicultural policies
Religious invasion, Islam and barbarism
Political invasion, freedoms, women and insecurity
The economic invasion, the burden of immigration and 'We first'
The discourse of hatred, virality and the amplification of the theory of Islamisation
Towards a path without hate
Notes
References
DER GROSSE AUSTAUSCH Conspiratorial frames of terrorist violence in Germany
Conspiratorial frames of terrorist violence
Theoretical considerations
Selection of sources and methodological approaches
Introducing Camus to the German-speaking audience
Replacement ideas in the terrorist manifestos of Balliet and Rathjen
Conspiracy theories and radical meaning-making
Notes
References
DENYING THE GEOPOLITICAL REALITY The case of the German 'Reich Citizens'
Core theories of the Reich Citizens
Legal arguments against the existence of the FRG
Two different types of Reich Citizens
Reactionary Reich Citizens
Individualistic Reich Citizens
Discussion
Notes
References
THE FOURTH REICH IN EUROPE Conspiracy theories about Germany in the Greek press during the economic crisis
POPULIST CONSPIRACY RHETORIC AND ARGUMENTS ON EU IMMIGRATION An exploratory analysis of pro-Brexit newspapers
The mainstreaming of conspiracy theories in the traditional news media
The Brexit context and conspiracy theory resonance
The British loss of sovereignty to the European Union
Britain affected by EU enlargement (and other) policies
EU and pro-EU British institutional actors versus British ordinary citizens
Conclusions
Notes
References
THE ETERNAL GEORGE SOROS The rise of an antisemitic and Islamophobic conspiracy theory
Who is Soros?
The 'Soros plan' and the 2015 'refugee crisis'
Dog-whistle politics
The international antisemites
Notes
References
EU-RELATED CONSPIRACY THEORIES IN THE WESTERN BALKANS Gravitating between rejecting and embracing Europe through Eurovilification and Eurofundamentalism
Linking Euroscepticism to Eurovilification and Europhilia to Eurofundamentalism
An overview of EU integration in the Western Balkans
Long-term oscillations between Eurofundamentalism and Eurovilification in Croatia (1990-2020)
Condensed history of Eurovilification and Eurofundamentalism in North Macedonia (2005-2020)
Intergroup processes in function of Eurovilifying and Eurofundamentalist discourses
Conclusions
Notes
References
THE BRUSSELS CONSPIRACY Narratives of EU-related conspiracy theories in pro-Kremlin Media
Analysis of conspiracy narratives about the EU in pro-Kremlin media
What turns these four narratives into narratives of conspiracy?
How do the narratives produce identities and demarcate social lines (of 'us' versus 'them')?
What political action do the narratives prescribe to the readers, directly and indirectly?
References
A CULTURE OF FEAR The decline of Europe in Russian political imagination
Fear and insecurity in the age of conspiracy
Conspiratorial image-building in reinforcing radical populism in the post-truth world
Declining Europe and the migration crisis
Conclusions
References
UNLOCKING THE 'BLACK BOX' OF CONSPIRACY THEORIES IN AND ABOUT EUROPE
The 'black box' of conspiracy theories
Mainstreaming of extreme positions in the media
The populist nostalgia of Hobbesian security
Absolute power, absolute weakness: the modern political myth of Europe
The new and contradictory politics of fear: realignments and reactions
References
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