Energetic Particles in Tokamak Plasmas - Energetic Particles in Tokamak Plasmas -

Magnetic Nuclear Fusion in Tokamaks INTRODUCTION SELF-SUSTAINED D-T FUSION REACTIONS AND TRIPLE-PRODUCT CRITERION FOR IGNITED PLASMA IN MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES Increasing Energy Confinement Time tE Increasing Magnetic Field В Increasing Beta THE ROLE OF ENERGETIC IONS IN MAGNETIC FUSION REFERENCES Charged Particle Orbits in Magnetised Plasma LARMOR ORBITS IN HOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD DRIFT MOTION OF LARMOR ORBITS IN THE PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL FORCES AND INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD Drift Motion in a Constant Electric Field Drift Motion in Inhomogeneous Static Magnetic Field Drift Motion in Static Magnetic Field with Curvature Drift Motion in Time-Dependent Electric Field DRIFT MOTION OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES IN TOKAMAK Trapped and Passing Particle Orbits Examples of Fat and Non-Standard Orbits of Highly Energetic Ions in JET Energetic Ions in Present-Day Tokamaks HEATING PLASMA WITH ENERGETIC IONS Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH)Alpha Particle Heating and Burning Plasmas DIAGNOSTICS OF CONFINED ENERGETIC IONS Measurements of Energetic Ion Distribution with a Neutral Particle Analyser Gamma Ray Diagnostics of Energetic Ions Information on Highly Energetic D Ions in the Neutron Emission Spectra DIAGNOSTICS OF LOST ENERGETIC IONS REFERENCES Equilibrium of Tokamak Plasma GOVERNING IDEAL MHD EQUATIONS FOR TOKAMAK PLASMAS GRAD-SHAFRANOV EQUATION FOR TOKAMAK PLASMA EQUILIBRIUM SOME EXTRAORDINARY TOKAMAK EQUILIBRIA Advanced Tokamak Scenario with Hollow Current Profiles Spherical Tokamaks with High-β REFERENCES MHD Waves in Magnetically Confined Plasmas THE LINEARIZATION PROCEDURE AND MAIN TYPES OF MHD WAVES SHEAR ALFVEN WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMA AND THE WAVE CONTINUUM DAMPING DISCOVERY OF GLOBAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES IN CYLINDRICAL PLASMAS KINETIC ALFVEN WAVES VERSUS SHEAR ALFVEN WAVES REFERENCES Toroidicity-Induced Alfvén Eigenmodes (TAEs)ANALYTIC THEORY OF TAE KINETIC АLFVEМ WAVES IN THE VICINITY OF TAE-GAP: QUALITATIVE PICTURE OF RADIATIVE DAMPING OF TAE AND DISCRETE SPECTRUM OF KINETIC TAE TAE INTERACTION WITH ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND THERMAL PLASMA, TAE STABILITY Power Transfer from Energetic Particles to TAE TAE Damping due to Thermal Ions TAE Damping due to Thermal Electrons Continuum Damping of TAE REFERENCES Experimental Studies of Alfvén Eigenmodes PROBING STABLE ALFVEN EIGENMODES WITH EXTERNAL TAE ANTENNA ENERGETIC PARTICLE-DRIVEN AE WITH FREQUENCIES LOCKED TO PLASMA EQUILIBRIUM FREQUENCY-SWEEPING ENERGETIC PARTICLE-DRIVEN AE REFERENCES Non-linear Evolution of Coupled Energetic Particle Populations and Energetic Particle-Driven Modes GENERIC BERK-BREIZMAN THEORY ON THE NEAR-THRESHOLD WAVE EXCITATION BY ENERGETIC PARTICLES Non-linear Scenarios of the Mode Evolution Described by (8.16)Non-linear Scenarios Observed Experimentally for TAEs Excited with Energetic Tail Ions Resulted from the RF-Diffusion SPONTANEOUS GENERATION OF HOLES AND CLUMPS IN ENERGETIC PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION BEYOND THE EXPLOSIVE SCENARIO AND FREQUENCY-SWEEPING MODES Fully Non-linear 1D Bump-on-Tail (ВОТ) Model for Long- Time Non-linear Scenarios beyond the Explosive Phase Non-linear Frequency-Sweeping Scenarios Observed Experimentally for TAEs Excited with Energetic Ions Resulted from the Drag Relaxation REFERENCES Alfvén Eigenmodes in “Advanced Tokamak” Plasmas ADVANCED TOKAMAK SCENARIOS AND INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS АLFVEN CASCADE (AC) EIGENMODES IN AT DISCHARGES WITH REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR Experimental Observations Analysis of the Experimental Observations Evolution of Alfven Continuum due to Temporal Evolution of Non-Monotonic q-Profile Theoretical Explanation of ACs REFERENCES Alfvén Spectroscopy ALFVEN EIGENMODES, SAWTEETH, AND THE q(r)-PROFILE TRIGGERING OF ITBS BY LOW-ORDER RATIONAL qmin AND ALFVEN GRAND CASCADES PLASMA MASS DETERMINATION FROM ACTIVE AE MEASUREMENTS REFERENCES Appendix A: for Chapter 3 А.1 COLLISIONAL RELAXATION OF ANISOTROPIC ENERGETIC BEAM IONS Appendix B: for Chapter 4: Curvilinear Coordinates in Toroidal Geometry В.1 COORDINATE TRANSFORMS B.2 SHAFRANOV COORDINATES FOR TOROIDAL PLASMA В.З FLUX-TYPE COORDINATES IN TORUS Appendix C: for Chapter 6: Analytical Theory of TAE С.1 DERIVATION OF ТАЕ EQUATIONS C.2 RADIATIVE DAMPING OF TAE AND KINETIC TAE Appendix D: Diagnostics of Alfvén Eigenmodes Excited by Energetic Particles D.1 PROPERTIES OF ТАЕ D.2 DIAGNOSING AE WITH MIRNOV COILS D.3 FURTHER ADVANCES IN DIAGNOSING ALFVEN INSTABILITIES