Crime and Intelligence Analysis: An Integrated Real-Time Approach - Crime and Intelligence Analysis: An Integrated Real-Time Approach -

What You’ll Find in This Book I Crime and the Twenty-First Century Outline The Crime Problem Learning Objectives for Chapter 1 Introduction Is There a Crime Problem in the United States?Analyzing the Crime Problem This Book Is an Introduction to Crime Analysis Definitions of Terms and Concepts Technology and Crime Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References What Do We Know about Crime?Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 2 Introduction How Is Crime Measured?Reporting on the Amount of Crime Uniform Crime Reports Changes in UCR Where Do the Statistics for the UCR Program Come From?UCR and Violent Crime UCR and Property Crime UCR and Clearances UCR and Arrest Rates Drawbacks of the UCR Program Results from the UCR Program National Incident-Based Reporting System Beyond the UCR Program National Crime Victimization Survey Strengths and Drawbacks of the NCVS Results of the NCVS Self-Report Data Results of Self-Report Studies Drawbacks of Self-Report Measures Comparing the Results of the UCR Program, the NCVS, and Self-Report Measures Viewing Crime through the Prism of Statistics Utilizing Statistics as a Form of Accountability: CompStat The Crime Analyst and Statistics Statistical Data and Law Enforcement: From Incident to Evaluation Process of Data Collection and Storage Computer-Aided Dispatch Records Management System Geographic Data System: ArcGIS Working the Collected Data Using Data Sets Summary Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References What Causes People to Commit Crimes?Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 3 Theories about the Origins of Crime Early Theories Classical Theories Biological Theories The Positivists Psychoanalysis and Psychology Other Psychological Theories Sociological Explanations Is It Nature or Nurture?Which Theory or Theories Work Best for the Crime Analyst?What Use Does the Tactical Crime Analyst Have for Criminological Theories?The Standard Model Community Policing Broken Windows Policing Problem-Oriented Policing Intelligence-Led Policing Modus Operandi of the Criminal Offender Why Do We Still Have Crime?Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References II Law Enforcement—Then and Now The Police and Law Enforcement: It’s Come a Long Way Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 4 Introduction Law Enforcement Response to Crimes Do State or Federal Law Enforcement Officers Respond?How Did Our Dual System of Policing Evolve?The First Police Departments Transitional Policing Research on Policing and the Prevention of Crime How Reports or Complaints of Crime Get to Police Officers The 911 Emergency System Enhanced 911 CAD Next Generation 911 Role of Police Officers Today Patrol Function Peacekeeping and Order Maintenance Traffic Enforcement Functions Criminal Investigations Investigative Process The Investigator Eras of Police Reform Leading to Change CompStat Policing in the 2000s Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Police Investigations in the Twenty-First Century Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 5 Introduction Rules of Procedure in Collecting Evidence Search and Seizure Stop and Frisk Procedural Law Rules of Evidence Exclusionary Rule Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine Exceptions to the Search Warrant Rule Search Incident to a Lawful Arrest Plain-View Searches Consent to Search Exigent Circumstances Search of an Automobile Search of a Person: The Pat-Down Search Public Safety Exceptions Good Faith Exception Interrogation of Suspects Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References III Intelligence and Intelligence Analysis An Introduction to Intelligence Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 6 Introduction Criminal Investigations How Investigations Are Carried Out Follow-Up Investigation Evidence Direct and Circumstantial Evidence Basic Investigative Leads and Informants The Crime Analyst and Police Investigations Confidential Informants Role of Databases in Investigations Intelligence Reports Criminal Profiles Geographical Profiling Time–Event Charting and Link Analysis Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Intelligence and the Tactical Analyst Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 7 Introduction Real-Time Crime Centers Intelligence Process Five-Step Intelligence Process The Intelligence Analyst Analyst Responsibilities Intelligence-Led Policing Intelligence and the Terrorist Threat Intelligence: Post-9/11 Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Collecting Intelligence Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 8 Introduction Interplay between the Intelligence Analyst and the Criminal Investigator Sources of Information Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Data Mining and Analyzing Intelligence Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 9 Introduction What Is Data Mining?How Does Data Mining Work?Computer-Based Transaction Processing Role of Information Technology and Transaction Processing Analytical Systems Software Available for Data Mining in Criminal Justice Statistical Machine Learning Neural Network What Kinds of Relationships Can Data Mining Software Reveal?Entity Extractions Clusters Associations Sequential Summing Up Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References IV Crime Analysis History and Types of Crime Analysis Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 10 Introduction Classification of Crime Analysis Tactical Crime Analysis Goals of Tactical Crime Analysis The Tactical Crime Analyst Working in Real Time Tactical Analysis, Crisis Management, and Negotiation What the Tactical Analyst Needs to Understand Crisis Management Protocol Tactical Analyst Training Is Crucial Hostage/Crisis Negotiator Tactical Analyst in a Crisis Situation Training of the Tactical Crime Analyst Mutual Understanding Strategic Crime Analysis Goals of Strategic Crime Analysis Administrative Crime Analysis Examples of Administrative Crime Analysis Police Operations Analysis Four Types of Crime Analysis Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Tactical Crime Analysis Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 11 Introduction Identifying Emerging Crime Patterns Standards and Definitions Related to Crime Patterns What Is a Crime Pattern?What a Crime Pattern Is Not Crime Pattern Types The Crime Analyst’s Task in Identifying Emerging Crime Patterns Carefully Analyzing the Crime Pattern Notify the Police Department about the Identified Pattern Work with the Police to Address the Crime Pattern Tools for Analyst Communication Providing Actionable Information Getting Analysts out of the Office Array of Tactics and Strategies Encouraging Initiative throughout the Police Department The Ideal Is a Formal Response Process Process of Investigation: Pattern Crime Investigations Pattern Investigation Using Analytical Results for Product Development Crime Summary Commonalities Incident Details Photos Map Contact Information Purpose of the Finished Product Example of an Analytical Pattern Product Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Tactical Crime Analysis and Hot Spots Policing Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 12 Introduction Crime Hot Spot Theories Routine Activities Theory Crime Pattern Theory A Theory of Crime Places Routine Activities Theory Situational Crime Prevention Theory Broken Windows Theory Crime Opportunity Theory Social Disorganization Theory Crime Pattern Theory How Are Hot Spots Identified?Maps and Geographic Information Systems Different Kinds of Maps Generated by GIS Dot Map Line Maps Ellipse and Choropleth Maps Grid Thematic Mapping Kernel Density Estimation Polygon Map Hot Streets Hot Areas Standard Deviation Analysis Grid Cell Mapping Analysis Kernel Density Interpolation Statistical Testing for Hot Spots Point Pattern Analysis Tests for Clustering Global Statistical Tests What Is Hot Spots Policing?Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Strategic Crime Analysis Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 13 Introduction Focus in Strategic Crime Analysis Long-Range Perspective of Strategic Crime Analysis Crime Trends Analyzed by Strategic Crime Analysis Data that Strategic Crime Analysts Examine Qualitative versus Quantitative Research Qualitative Methods Field Research Content Analysis Interviews Surveys Focus Groups Environmental Assessment After Identifying Crime Trends, then What?Recommendations for Crime Trend Solutions Using the Problem Analysis Triangle Formulating Hypotheses Final Report Writing and Distributing Reports Final Goal of Crime Analysis Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Understanding Threat Assessment Methodologies and the Role of the Analyst Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 14 The Scope of the Problem The Usual Response to Mass Shootings and Violence Risk Factor Approach A Threat Assessment History of Threat Assessments The Four-Pronged Assessment Approach Risk Identification What We Know about School Shooters Is Violent Media to Blame?The Role of Victims in School Violence Incidents The Threat Assessment Strategy as a Management Process Violence Prediction and Psychological Constructs of Violence Applying the Biopsychosocial Model to Prevent Violence Understanding the Pathway to Targeted Violence as an Analytical Tool Threat Assessments and the Crime Analyst: Cautionary Note Conclusion Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Administrative Crime Analysis Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 15 Introduction Why Is It Called Administrative Crime Analysis?Are there Areas of Administrative Crime Analysis that Have Little to Do with Analysis?What Reports Do Administrative Crime Analysts Present?Administrative Crime Analysis: Low-Priority Analysis?How Administrative Crime Analysts Gather Data Crime Mapping and Administrative Crime Analysis Using the Internet Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References Outline Police Operations Crime Analysis Learning Objectives for Chapter 16 Introduction What Techniques and Methods Are Used by Operations Analysis?What Kinds of Recommendations Do Operations Analysts Make?Examples of Recommendations Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References V Crime Analysis and the Future Crime Analysis and the Future of Policing Outline Learning Objectives for Chapter 17 Introduction The Need for Crime Analysts What Makes a Good Crime Analyst?Crime Analyst Qualifications and Job Descriptions Education for Crime Analysts Where to Go for More Information about Crime Analyst Jobs Technology and the Future of Policing Challenges to Integrating Crime Analysis into Policing Questions for Discussion Important Terms Study Guide Questions References