Introduction

Augmented Intelligence and Edge Computing: Introduction and Trending Features

ABSTRACT Augmented Intelligence (Aul) in vehicular networks is the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and multimedia. AI has already been unanimously accepted as a revolutionary solution to future technological challenges. By automating and computerizing vehicles, we can make our mobility more secure, quicker, less expensive, cleaner, and progressively pleasant. This chapter presents a brief introduction to Aul and its relationship with AI. The chapter presents a detailed comparison between Aul and AI and discusses the latest trends, applications, benefits, and future scope of this technology.

Introduction to Augmented Intelligence

Machines are performing better and better at analyzing data. Due to recent breakthroughs in technology, organizations and businesses are increasingly under pressure to redesign their workflow processes and decide which tasks to automate, which tasks to augment, and which tasks to leave to humans. There are many jobs that machines cannot do, so as machines take over highly repeatable work, people will migrate to roles that call for critical thinking, creativity, judgment, and common sense. As shown in Figure 1.1, augmented intelligence (Aul) unites the strengths of humans and machines [1].

Aul is one of the most important emerging technologies. It covers the subfields of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and neural networks, and it is going to harness the way in which companies and people work. Augmented intelligence, also known as intelligence augmentation or cognitive augmentation, is the next level in AI. The word "augmented" means "to improve" [2].

FIGURE 1.1

Augmented intelligence combines human and machine intelligences.

AI software will simply improve products and services and not replace the humans who use them. Aul refers to the creation of a close-to-human autonomous intelligence using modern technology. It describes how normal human intelligence is supplemented through the use of technology. One may say that:

Augmented Intelligence = Human Intelligence + Computer based Intelligence

One may think of Aul as augmented reality (AR), a technology which combines real-world environments with computer-generated information such as images, text, videos, animations, and sound. It has the ability to record and analyze the environment in real time. It is becoming more attractive as a mainstream technology mainly due to the proliferation of modern mobile computing devices like smartphones and tablet computers with location- based services [3]. Like AR, Aul adds layers of information on top of human intelligence, helping humans to function at their best.

The pioneers of augmentation are the sectors that generate a lot of data, such as law, health care, and agriculture. The main objective of Aul is to create an entirely new process automated and designed for 20% manual exceptions. As shown in Figure 1.2, Aul repeats a cycle of understanding, interpretation, reasoning, learning, and assuming [4].

Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications

Artificial intelligence, as its name implies, is a different form of intelligence to our own. It is human-like intelligence that works in a similar way to our brains [5]. AI is a science with research activities in the areas of image processing, expert systems, natural language processing, and computer vision. Some of these applications are illustrated in Figure 1.3 [6]. AI has been revolutionary and is everywhere: From wearable products to driverless cars. Even the system that prevents a car from starting because a door is open is AI in action. AI, in the forms of machine learning, voice recognition, and predictive analysis, enables robots to provide financial advice [7]. For example, IBM has invested heavily in AI with the Watson cognitive system. Some developed and fast-developing nations like the USA, China, Russia, UK, and France have realized the great potential of AI and are competing to win the AI race.

Comparing Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Intelligence

AI and Aul are but some of the technologies that are affecting organizations, economies, and our societies. Although Aul and AI are closely related, they

FIGURE 1.2

How augmented intelligence works.

FIGURE 1.3

Some applications of artificial intelligence.

are different. Aul uses AI techniques but keeps the human in the loop. The goal of Aul is not to replace human activities but instead to elevate existing human capabilities. Aul often takes over small repetitive tasks. Focusing just on AI can expose companies to unforeseeable challenges in the future. That is why we must distinguish between AI and Aul. The key difference between AI and Aul lies in the cognitive learning and application of any machine. While AI is meant to help humans with things like computation, memory, perseverance, precision, recognition, and speed, Aul allows us to see how it can help augment more human things like abstraction, breaking rules, judgment, listening, and storytelling [8]. Aul, not AI, is the future. Therefore, businesses should be focusing on Aul instead of AI.