Life Cycle Management

I Introducing Life Cycle Management The Business Context The Role of Life Cycle Management Conclusions and Perspectives References Life Cycle Management: Implementing Sustainability in Business Practice Life Cycle Management and Life Cycle Sustainability Management: A Clarification of Terms Life Cycle Management: Concepts and Definition Systems and Tools for Life Cycle Management Organizational Challenges Conclusion and Outlook References Life Cycle Management as a Way to Operationalize Sustainability Within Organizations Introduction Value Creation and Life Cycle Management Defining the Strategy of Sustainable Value Creation Sustainability Value Creation Framework Paths to Operationalize Sustainability Through Life Cycle Management in a Company: Illustrated Applications Sustainability as a Motivation Generator Sustainable Supply Chain to Reduce Risks Sustainability to Increase Brand Perception Conclusions and Outlook References How to Implement Life Cycle Management in Business?Introduction Implementation of Life Cycle Sustainability Management Plan Do Check Act Concluding Remarks References Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: A Tool for Exercising Due Diligence in Life Cycle Management Introduction Taking Up Social Responsibility in the Value Chain About Social Responsibility of Organizations Linking with Management About “Due Diligence”Due Diligence: Assessment Through LCSA?Implementation and Follow Up of Due Diligence Through LCM?Outlook References Life Cycle Management: Labelling, Declarations and Certifications at the Product Level – Different Approaches Introduction Overview on Different Approaches Some Exemplary Information Transmission Approaches Qualitative Approaches Self-Declared Environmental Claims Quantitative Declarations Selection of Approaches Conclusions References Mainstreaming the Use of Life Cycle Management in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using a Sector Based and Regional Approach Introduction Context for the Study Approach Benchmark Sector Maturity Assessment Needs Identification Action Plan Implementation Conclusions and Outlook References II Advancing the Implementation of Life Cycle Management in Business Practice From Projects to Processes to Implement Life Cycle Management in Business A Brief History of Life Cycle Approaches From Pioneers to Industry Standards From Trial to Maturity From Project to Process Screening to Identify Pathway Scoping to Grow Project Phase Scaling to Prepare Process Phase From Process Integration to Sustainable Supply Chain and Product Management References How to Make the Life Cycle Assessment Team a Business Partner Introduction: 20 Years of Life Cycle Assessment, Have We Understood the User Needs?Understanding Major Product Sustainability Trends Understanding “Alternatives” to Life Cycle Assessment The Risk of Ignoring These Trends Understanding the LCA Community Itself The Overarching Message What's Next: How to Tackle This Chasm?Become a Champion for Life Cycle Assessment Long-Term Management Commitment to Sustainability Shared Language Link Life Cycle Assessment with Business Objectives Jointly Explore New Applications Conclusions References Sustainability Improvements and Life Cycle Approaches in Industry Partnerships Introduction Industry and Associations Initiatives Together for Sustainability (TfS)Life Cycle Inventory Data Platforms of Associations Steering Product Portfolio to Foster Sustainable Solutions Examples of Assessments and Applications Using Plastics Europe LCI Information Evaluating Product Sustainability, a Contribution from CEFIC Sustainability Improvements Support with Eco-Efficiency Studies: Pavement Preservation Technology Conclusions References Sustainable Value Creation with Life Cycle Management Introduction and Objective Background and Literature Review Context of Corporations and Products Opportunities for Sustainable Value Creation Business Functions/Activities Methodology Description of Sustainable Value Framework for Chemical Industry Results and Discussion Case Study of Spun-Dyed Modal Fibers from Lenzing AG Case Study of Vitamin C Business Development by Royal DSM NV Implementation Procedure for Business Value Creation Based on Life Cycle Assessment in Companies Limitations of the Suggested Approach and Life Cycle Management Conclusions References III Life Cycle Management as Part of Sustainable Consumption and Production Strategies and Policies Hotspots Analysis: Providing the Focus for Action Introduction What Is Hotspots Analysis?Typical Steps to Conduct Hotspots Analysis Approaches of Hotspots Analysis Applications/Use of Hotspots Analysis Scale of Application Attributes Commonalities and Differences Among Methodologies Case Studies Other Tools Used to Identify Sustainability Impacts Hotspots Analysis Versus Other Tools Key Observations Audience and Application Beyond LCA Commonalities Ease of Use Gaps Challenges and Next Steps References From Sustainable Production to Sustainable Consumption Introduction Secondary Consequences of Consumption Decisions Overview Changes in Available Household Resources and Consumption Constraints Use of Freed Household Resources Cross Category Effects Mental Secondary Consequences Higher Order Consequences of Economic Transactions Towards a New Measure of the Environmental Life Cycle Performance of Products from Consumption Perspective Happiness or Harm Due to Need (Over-) Fulfilment Sustainable Consumption on Different Levels Product Level: From Functional Unit to Needs Fulfilment Person or Household Level: Sustainable Lifestyles National Level: From Territorial Inventory to Including Burdens of Imported and Exported Products Global Level: The Sum of All Consumption Versus the Planetary Boundaries Actors in Sustainable Consumption and Their Possible Roles Companies: Sustainable Products Citizen: Sustainable Consumption Decisions and Lifestyles Governments: Facilitating Sustainable Consumption and Lifestyles Others Conclusions and Next Steps References Life Cycle Management Responsibilities and Procedures in the Value Chain Introduction Looking into the Life Cycle Management Agenda Corporate Practice in Life Cycle Management Collective Model for Life Cycle Management Life Cycle Management and Business Organizations Life Cycle Management in Regional Development Link with Other Sustainability Management Initiatives Summary and Conclusions References Policy Options for Life Cycle Assessment Deployment in Legislation Introduction Methodology Identification of Policy Options Identification and Description of Characteristics of the Policy Options Results and Discussion Developed Policy Options Characteristics of the Prioritized Policy Options Conclusions and Outlook References IV Mainstreaming and Capacity Building on Life Cycle Management Taking Life Cycle Management Mainstream: Integration in Corporate Finance and Accounting Evolution in Assessment, Management and Reporting Standards Linking Life Cycle Assessment with Financial Value Drivers Growth of Sales Duration of Sales Operating Margin and Capital Expenditure Conclusion References Building Organizational Capability for Life Cycle Management Introduction Outline Methods Development of the Life Cycle Management Capability Maturity Model Company Case Studies Discussion Conclusions and Research Needs References Promoting Life Cycle Thinking, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Management Within Business in Brazil Introduction Brazilian Business Network for Life Cycle Assessment Implementing Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Management Within Companies Conclusions References Mainstreaming Life Cycle Sustainability Management in Rapidly Growing and Emerging Economies Through Capacity-Building Introduction Potential for Mainstreaming Life Cycle Sustainability Management in Developing Countries: A Global Status Assessment Methodology and Criteria for the Assessment of Mainstreaming Conditions Capacity-Building for Life Cycle Sustainability Management LCA Studies and LCA Databases Networking Gender Aspects Mainstreaming Conditions in Selected Countries Market for LCA Professionals Framework for Capacity-Building and Developing Capabilities to Mainstream Life Cycle Sustainability Management Conclusions, Recommendations and Outlook Conclusions and Recommendations Outlook References Communication and Collaboration as Essential Elements for Mainstreaming Life Cycle Management Introduction Missing Links Box 20.1: A Practical Example: Renault's Efforts to Inform Their Consumers About Their Life Cycle Management Work Moving Towards Better Collaboration Improve Collaboration Among the Life Cycle Community Across the Globe Effective Communication with a Wider Set of Stakeholders Audiences and Lessons Learned Making It Happen Space to Coordinate Efforts Around the World Space to Identify New Contacts, Apart from Conferences Space to Collaborate with Colleagues Space to Develop a Coherent Messaging Conclusion References V Implementation and Case Studies of Life Cycle Management in Different Business and Industry Sectors Exploring Challenges and Opportunities of Life Cycle Management in the Electricity Sector Introduction Identifying the Issues: Major Methodological Challenges Data Issues: Generating Electricity Life Cycle Inventory Datasets User Perspective: Using Electricity Life Cycle Inventory Data Key Opportunities Opportunities: The Research Perspective Opportunities: The User Perspective Conclusions References Life Cycle Management Applied to Urban Fabric Planning Introduction Methods Environmental Benchmarking The Urban Fabric Environmental Profile of Urban Fabric Elements Paved Skin: Sidewalks and Light-Weight Traffic Road Pavement Gas Network Water Supply Network Sewer Network Discussion Optimizing the Urban Fabric Design Towards Smart Grids and Self-sufficiency Conclusions References Implementing Life Cycle Engineering in Automotive Development as a Helpful Management Tool to Support Design for Environment Introduction Life Cycle Management at Volkswagen Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool to Implement Life Cycle Management at Volkswagen From Life Cycle Assessment to Life Cycle Engineering Success Factors for Life Cycle Engineering Within the Company Integration of Life Cycle Engineering into Company Processes Automotive Life Cycle Lightweight Design Example: Hot Stamped Steel Analysis and Derivation of Measurable Technical Targets Calculating Targets for Hot Stamped Steel Conclusion References Managing Life Cycle Sustainability Aspects in the Automotive Industry Introduction Assessing Sustainability Performance Within a Vehicle Life Cycle Life Cycle Assessment of a Car Social and Economic Performances Results and Discussion References Life Cycle Management as a Way to Operationalize the Creating Shared Value Concept in the Food and Beverage Industry: A Case Study Introduction Implementing EcodEX: A Product Design Tool at Nestlé Initial Brief A Growing Number of Users Challenges Conclusion References