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Life Cycle Management
I Introducing Life Cycle Management
The Business Context
The Role of Life Cycle Management
Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Life Cycle Management: Implementing Sustainability in Business Practice
Life Cycle Management and Life Cycle Sustainability Management: A Clarification of Terms
Life Cycle Management: Concepts and Definition
Systems and Tools for Life Cycle Management
Organizational Challenges
Conclusion and Outlook
References
Life Cycle Management as a Way to Operationalize Sustainability Within Organizations
Introduction
Value Creation and Life Cycle Management
Defining the Strategy of Sustainable Value Creation
Sustainability Value Creation Framework
Paths to Operationalize Sustainability Through Life Cycle Management in a Company: Illustrated Applications
Sustainability as a Motivation Generator
Sustainable Supply Chain to Reduce Risks
Sustainability to Increase Brand Perception
Conclusions and Outlook
References
How to Implement Life Cycle Management in Business?
Introduction
Implementation of Life Cycle Sustainability Management
Plan
Do
Check
Act
Concluding Remarks
References
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: A Tool for Exercising Due Diligence in Life Cycle Management
Introduction
Taking Up Social Responsibility in the Value Chain
About Social Responsibility of Organizations
Linking with Management
About “Due Diligence”
Due Diligence: Assessment Through LCSA?
Implementation and Follow Up of Due Diligence Through LCM?
Outlook
References
Life Cycle Management: Labelling, Declarations and Certifications at the Product Level – Different Approaches
Introduction
Overview on Different Approaches
Some Exemplary Information Transmission Approaches
Qualitative Approaches
Self-Declared Environmental Claims
Quantitative Declarations
Selection of Approaches
Conclusions
References
Mainstreaming the Use of Life Cycle Management in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using a Sector Based and Regional Approach
Introduction
Context for the Study
Approach
Benchmark
Sector Maturity Assessment
Needs Identification
Action Plan
Implementation
Conclusions and Outlook
References
II Advancing the Implementation of Life Cycle Management in Business Practice
From Projects to Processes to Implement Life Cycle Management in Business
A Brief History of Life Cycle Approaches
From Pioneers to Industry Standards
From Trial to Maturity
From Project to Process
Screening to Identify Pathway
Scoping to Grow Project Phase
Scaling to Prepare Process Phase
From Process Integration to Sustainable Supply Chain and Product Management
References
How to Make the Life Cycle Assessment Team a Business Partner
Introduction: 20 Years of Life Cycle Assessment, Have We Understood the User Needs?
Understanding Major Product Sustainability Trends
Understanding “Alternatives” to Life Cycle Assessment
The Risk of Ignoring These Trends
Understanding the LCA Community Itself
The Overarching Message
What's Next: How to Tackle This Chasm?
Become a Champion for Life Cycle Assessment
Long-Term Management Commitment to Sustainability
Shared Language
Link Life Cycle Assessment with Business Objectives
Jointly Explore New Applications
Conclusions
References
Sustainability Improvements and Life Cycle Approaches in Industry Partnerships
Introduction
Industry and Associations Initiatives
Together for Sustainability (TfS)
Life Cycle Inventory Data Platforms of Associations
Steering Product Portfolio to Foster Sustainable Solutions
Examples of Assessments and Applications
Using Plastics Europe LCI Information
Evaluating Product Sustainability, a Contribution from CEFIC
Sustainability Improvements Support with Eco-Efficiency Studies: Pavement Preservation Technology
Conclusions
References
Sustainable Value Creation with Life Cycle Management
Introduction and Objective
Background and Literature Review
Context of Corporations and Products
Opportunities for Sustainable Value Creation
Business Functions/Activities
Methodology
Description of Sustainable Value Framework for Chemical Industry
Results and Discussion
Case Study of Spun-Dyed Modal Fibers from Lenzing AG
Case Study of Vitamin C Business Development by Royal DSM NV
Implementation Procedure for Business Value Creation Based on Life Cycle Assessment in Companies
Limitations of the Suggested Approach and Life Cycle Management
Conclusions
References
III Life Cycle Management as Part of Sustainable Consumption and Production Strategies and Policies
Hotspots Analysis: Providing the Focus for Action
Introduction
What Is Hotspots Analysis?
Typical Steps to Conduct Hotspots Analysis
Approaches of Hotspots Analysis
Applications/Use of Hotspots Analysis
Scale of Application
Attributes
Commonalities and Differences Among Methodologies
Case Studies
Other Tools Used to Identify Sustainability Impacts
Hotspots Analysis Versus Other Tools
Key Observations
Audience and Application
Beyond LCA
Commonalities
Ease of Use
Gaps
Challenges and Next Steps
References
From Sustainable Production to Sustainable Consumption
Introduction
Secondary Consequences of Consumption Decisions
Overview
Changes in Available Household Resources and Consumption Constraints
Use of Freed Household Resources
Cross Category Effects
Mental Secondary Consequences
Higher Order Consequences of Economic Transactions
Towards a New Measure of the Environmental Life Cycle Performance of Products from Consumption Perspective
Happiness or Harm Due to Need (Over-) Fulfilment
Sustainable Consumption on Different Levels
Product Level: From Functional Unit to Needs Fulfilment
Person or Household Level: Sustainable Lifestyles
National Level: From Territorial Inventory to Including Burdens of Imported and Exported Products
Global Level: The Sum of All Consumption Versus the Planetary Boundaries
Actors in Sustainable Consumption and Their Possible Roles
Companies: Sustainable Products
Citizen: Sustainable Consumption Decisions and Lifestyles
Governments: Facilitating Sustainable Consumption and Lifestyles
Others
Conclusions and Next Steps
References
Life Cycle Management Responsibilities and Procedures in the Value Chain
Introduction
Looking into the Life Cycle Management Agenda
Corporate Practice in Life Cycle Management
Collective Model for Life Cycle Management
Life Cycle Management and Business Organizations
Life Cycle Management in Regional Development
Link with Other Sustainability Management Initiatives
Summary and Conclusions
References
Policy Options for Life Cycle Assessment Deployment in Legislation
Introduction
Methodology
Identification of Policy Options
Identification and Description of Characteristics of the Policy Options
Results and Discussion
Developed Policy Options
Characteristics of the Prioritized Policy Options
Conclusions and Outlook
References
IV Mainstreaming and Capacity Building on Life Cycle Management
Taking Life Cycle Management Mainstream: Integration in Corporate Finance and Accounting
Evolution in Assessment, Management and Reporting Standards
Linking Life Cycle Assessment with Financial Value Drivers
Growth of Sales
Duration of Sales
Operating Margin and Capital Expenditure
Conclusion
References
Building Organizational Capability for Life Cycle Management
Introduction
Outline
Methods
Development of the Life Cycle Management Capability Maturity Model
Company Case Studies
Discussion
Conclusions and Research Needs
References
Promoting Life Cycle Thinking, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Management Within Business in Brazil
Introduction
Brazilian Business Network for Life Cycle Assessment
Implementing Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Management Within Companies
Conclusions
References
Mainstreaming Life Cycle Sustainability Management in Rapidly Growing and Emerging Economies Through Capacity-Building
Introduction
Potential for Mainstreaming Life Cycle Sustainability Management in Developing Countries: A Global Status Assessment
Methodology and Criteria for the Assessment of Mainstreaming Conditions
Capacity-Building for Life Cycle Sustainability Management
LCA Studies and LCA Databases
Networking
Gender Aspects
Mainstreaming Conditions in Selected Countries
Market for LCA Professionals
Framework for Capacity-Building and Developing Capabilities to Mainstream Life Cycle Sustainability Management
Conclusions, Recommendations and Outlook
Conclusions and Recommendations
Outlook
References
Communication and Collaboration as Essential Elements for Mainstreaming Life Cycle Management
Introduction
Missing Links
Box 20.1: A Practical Example: Renault's Efforts to Inform Their Consumers About Their Life Cycle Management Work
Moving Towards Better Collaboration
Improve Collaboration Among the Life Cycle Community Across the Globe
Effective Communication with a Wider Set of Stakeholders
Audiences and Lessons Learned
Making It Happen
Space to Coordinate Efforts Around the World
Space to Identify New Contacts, Apart from Conferences
Space to Collaborate with Colleagues
Space to Develop a Coherent Messaging
Conclusion
References
V Implementation and Case Studies of Life Cycle Management in Different Business and Industry Sectors
Exploring Challenges and Opportunities of Life Cycle Management in the Electricity Sector
Introduction
Identifying the Issues: Major Methodological Challenges
Data Issues: Generating Electricity Life Cycle Inventory Datasets
User Perspective: Using Electricity Life Cycle Inventory Data
Key Opportunities
Opportunities: The Research Perspective
Opportunities: The User Perspective
Conclusions
References
Life Cycle Management Applied to Urban Fabric Planning
Introduction
Methods
Environmental Benchmarking
The Urban Fabric
Environmental Profile of Urban Fabric Elements
Paved Skin: Sidewalks and Light-Weight Traffic Road Pavement
Gas Network
Water Supply Network
Sewer Network
Discussion
Optimizing the Urban Fabric Design
Towards Smart Grids and Self-sufficiency
Conclusions
References
Implementing Life Cycle Engineering in Automotive Development as a Helpful Management Tool to Support Design for Environment
Introduction
Life Cycle Management at Volkswagen
Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool to Implement Life Cycle Management at Volkswagen
From Life Cycle Assessment to Life Cycle Engineering
Success Factors for Life Cycle Engineering Within the Company
Integration of Life Cycle Engineering into Company Processes
Automotive Life Cycle
Lightweight Design
Example: Hot Stamped Steel
Analysis and Derivation of Measurable Technical Targets
Calculating Targets for Hot Stamped Steel
Conclusion
References
Managing Life Cycle Sustainability Aspects in the Automotive Industry
Introduction
Assessing Sustainability Performance Within a Vehicle Life Cycle
Life Cycle Assessment of a Car
Social and Economic Performances
Results and Discussion
References
Life Cycle Management as a Way to Operationalize the Creating Shared Value Concept in the Food and Beverage Industry: A Case Study
Introduction
Implementing EcodEX: A Product Design Tool at Nestlé
Initial Brief
A Growing Number of Users
Challenges
Conclusion
References
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