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Achieving sustainable management of tropical forests
Preface
Challenges faced by tropical forests
An overview of tropical forest formations
Introduction
The tropics: defining the enabling conditions for tropical forests
Classifying tropical forest formations
Structure and diversity of tropical forest ecosystems
Conclusion
References
Pressures on tropical forests: agriculture, trade and illegality
Introduction
Tropical forests and agriculture
Logging and tropical forests
Illegal logging and trade
Tackling illegal logging
Tackling deforestation in agricultural supply chains
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Narratives on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and tropical forests
Introduction
The use of narratives as an analytical tool in forest management and policy analysis
The three narratives about the SDGs and forests
The SDGs and forest narratives and tropical forests
Conclusions
References
National governance and tropical forests: key challenges
Introduction
Competing definitions and characterisations of forest governance
The impact of poor forest governance
Global solutions to forest governance
Ownership and forest governance
Case study: governance regimes in the Congo Basin
Conclusions
Future trends
References
Annex 1 Diagnosis of tropical forest governance weaknesses
Annex 2 Examples of alleged abuses in tropical forest governance
Climate change and tropical forests
Introduction
Tropical forests and the global carbon cycle
Other climate effects of tropical forests
Changing climate in the tropics
Climate change impacts on tropical forests
Future tropical forest management: mitigation and adaptation to climate change
Future trends
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Ecosystem services provided by tropical forests
New types of products from tropical wood
Introduction
Tropical forest wood products
Plantation forest resources
Non-wood forest products: bamboo and rattan
Plantation timber product development and wood species
Plantation biomass and waste: oil palm and kenaf
Plantation biomass and waste: sugarcane and rice
Developments in wood products
Biomass energy and co-generation
Wood-based biofuels
Conclusions
Where to look for further information
References
Non-timber forest products from tropical forests
Introduction
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and rural livelihoods
Ecological impact of non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
Socioeconomic benefits of non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Ecosystem services delivered by tropical forests: regulating services of tropical forests for climate and hydrological cycles
Introduction
Forest-climate interactions
Forests in the carbon cycle
Climate change mitigation in the forestry and timber sector
Forests in the water cycle (regional scale)
Summary and future trends
Where to look for further information
References
Biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical forests: recent findings and implications for sustainable forest management (SFM)
Introduction
The importance of tropical forests as repositories of biodiversity
Recent research on biodiversity and ecosystem services from tropical forests
The main threats to tropical forest biodiversity
Synthesis and conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Amenity and recreation values of tropical forests: an ecosystem services perspective
Introduction
The importance of ecosystem services
Overexploitation of forest ecosystem services (ESS)
Valuing recreational and amenity services of tropical forests
Innovative approaches to recreation and amenity ESS
Improving forest-based recreation activities: options and challenges
Conclusions
References
Management structures to support sustainable forest management (SFM)
Defining sustainable forest management (SFM) in the tropics
Introduction
Evolving concepts of sustainability
Appropriate scales for assessment of SFM
SFM trade-offs at different scales
Defining terms in SFM
Land-use types in SFM
Challenges for SFM in the tropics
Ways forward
References
Improving operating standards in sustainable forest management of tropical forests in Africa
Introduction
Deforestation in Africa
The need for sustainable forest management in Africa
Improving operating standards in sustainable forest management
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
The role of certification schemes in sustainable forest management (SFM) of tropical forests
Introduction
The need for change
Responses to the introduction of forest certification
The development of forest certification
Rates and spread of certification
Assessing the impact of forest certification
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Tenure and management rights in tropical forests
Introduction
Trends in 33 lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia and Latin America
Regional trends
Implications
Conclusions
References
Community-based management of tropical forests: lessons learned and implications for sustainable forest management
Introduction
The evolution of community-based forest management (CBFM)
How does CBFM work?
Community forestry and livelihoods
Factors affecting the success or failure of CBFM
Designing and implementing CBFM
How CBFM can be integrated into international forest policy
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Monitoring and management techniques in sustainable forest management (SFM)
New techniques for assessingand mapping tropical forests
Introduction
Inventory objectives
Remote sensing to detect changes in land use
Remote sensing to detect logging activities and forest degradation
assessments for forest inventories
Uncertainty assessment and error analysis
Planning a forest inventory
Data collection, analysis, and reporting
Future trends
Where to look for further information
References
Advances in monitoring and reporting forest emissions and removals in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Introduction
Summary of UNFCCC FREL/FRLs
Summary of REDD+ results reported to the UNFCCC
Outlook: what’s next on MRV for forests?
References
Understanding and exploiting genetics of tropical tree species for restoration of tropical forests
Introduction
Methods to measure genetic diversity: field trials and tree improvement
Methods to measure genetic diversity: molecular markers
DNA barcoding
Genetic studies to investigate reproductive systems
Case studies: figs, dipterocarps, teak and eucalypts
Summary and future trends
Where to look for further information
References
Pathogens in tropical forests: diversity and management
Introduction
Root diseases
Stem diseases
Wilt diseases
Foliage pathogens
Virus diseases
Nematodes
Algae and parasitic plants
Disease management
Where to look for further information
Acknowledgements
References
The role of agroforestry in sustainable forest management (SFM) of tropical forests
Introduction
Extent and biodiversity of shifting cultivation landscapes
The productive function of shifting cultivation landscapes
Carbon capture in shifting cultivation landscapes
Implications of intensifying shifting cultivation
Summary
Acknowledgements
Where to look for further information
References
SFM of different types of tropical forest
Forest landscape restoration (FLR) of tropical forests
Introduction
Implementing forest landscape restoration (FLR)
Case studies
Challenges and opportunities in taking FLR forward
Conclusion
Where to look for further information
References
Sustainable management of tropical plantation forests
Introduction
Sustainability issues in tropical forest plantations: productivity and nutrient cycles
Sustainability issues in tropical forest plantations: biodiversity conservation
Sustainability of ecosystem services provision in tropical plantations
Sustainability of social impacts of tropical forest plantations
Measures to achieve sustainable tropical forest plantations management
Conclusions
Where to look for further information
References
Sustainable forest management (SFM) of tropical moist forests: the Congo Basin
Introduction
Logging concessions, the land and management plans
Land zoning
Sustainable forest management plans
From ‘nesting dolls’ to improved policies
Improving processes and institutions
From theory to practice
Conclusions
References
Sustainable forest management (SFM) of tropical moist forests: the case of the Brazilian Amazon
Introduction
Regulation of Brazilian forest management
Good forest-management practices in Amazonian Brazil
Private and community-based forest management in Amazonian Brazil
Sustainable forest management in Amazonian Brazil: challenges and strategies
Conclusions
Where to look for further information
References
Sustainable management of African dry forests
Introduction
Characteristics of dry forests
Distribution of dry forests in Africa
The importance of dry forests to local communities
Key issues in managing African dry forests
Conclusions
List of abbreviations
Where to look for further information
References
The Future
Achieving sustainable management of tropical forests: overview and conclusions
Introduction: sustainable forest management (SFM)
Importance of tropical forest ecology
Forests, climate and climate change
Forest loss and degradation
Forest products and ecological services
Community-based forest management (CBFM) and SFM
SFM and the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Wood products, plantations and SFM
Monitoring and measuring for SFM
Shifting cultivation and SFM
Forest landscape restoration (FLR)
SFM in major tropical regions
Conclusions
References
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