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Absolute Essentials of International Business
Philosophy and preliminary concepts
Companies and international business
MNE configurations
International value chains
A theoretical discipline rooted in empirical realities
The drivers of international business
Internal drivers
Expanding sales
Acquiring inputs
External drivers
Regulatory frameworks
Technology
Global competition
International finance
Bibliography
International Business Theories
Country-focused trade theories
Mercantilism
Adam Smith’s absolute advantage
Comparative advantage
Infant industries
Trade and social welfare
Factor proportions (Heckscher—Ohlin)
Modern business-centred theories
Product life cycle
New trade theory
Competitive advantage
Bibliography
The Politics of International Business
What economic role for government
Cycles in economic thinking
The future of international business politics
International business intervention tools
Trade tools
Tariffs
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)
FDI tools
Performance requirements
Ownership restrictions
Macro-economic policy
Subsidies
Global governance
Intergovernmental organisations
Regional associations
Bibliography
Ethics and International Business
The debate over (international) business ethics
Ethics vary in time and place
The case for and against explicit CSR
Anti-CSR
Pro-CSR
International CSR in practice
MNEs’ main ethical dilemmas
Human rights
Labour relations and supplier controls
Corruption
Environment
International codes of conduct
UN conventions
Voluntary codes
Enforcing CSR worldwide
National traditions of CSR enforcement
Market policing: non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and consumers
Bibliography
Cultural Environments
Culture and its impact on international business
The components of culture
Language
Religion
Socialisation and acculturation
Socialisation
National, professional, and corporate cultures
Theories of culture for international business
Hofstede’s cultural dimensions
Individualism vs collectivism
Power distance
Masculine vs feminine
Uncertainty avoidance
Time orientation
Indulgence vs restraint
The cluster approach
Limitations of these two approaches
Optimising assignments abroad
Culture shock
Managing diverse teams
Developing cultural intelligence
Bibliography
Foreign Market Entry
Internationalisation mindsets and strategies
Prime theories
Trade vs FDI, or the “borders of the firm” debate
Horizontal us vertical FDI
Market entry choices
Greenfield vs brownfield
International partnerships
International joint ventures
Nori-equity arrangements
International licensing
International franchising
Turnkey projects
Bibliography
Multinational Organisations and Paradigms
MNE organisations
Traditional divisions
Global vs regional focus
Transnational firms and glocalisation
MNEs as alliances of equals
Principles of multinational organisation
Strategic coherence
Sociology of (multinational) organisations
Bibliography
International Upstream Operations
Knowledge as the first step in production
Global supply chain management
International outsourcing
Types of supply relationships
International production
Industrial models
Logistics and plant location
Bibliography
International Downstream Operations
Analysing a foreign market
International market analysis
Market Intelligence Systems and big data analytics
International marketing framework
Standardisation vs adaptation
Standardisation
Adaptation
Striking the right balance
Glocalisation
Global branding and the associated risks
Product Life Cycle
International marketing mix
Product
Place
Price
Promotion
Bibliography
Multinational Finance
Foreign exchange
The concept of exposure
Sources of FX exposure
Non-transactional FX risks
Managing foreign exchange risk
“Natural" hedging
Short-term financial hedging
Multinational treasury
External funding
Debt finance
Equity finance
Internal funding sources
Netting
Transfer pricing and tax implications
Bibliography
International Talent Management
Global trends impacting MNEs’ HRM needs
Talent shortages
Global talent war
Demographics
Rise of global hubs and cities
Institutions and resources
The resource-based view
The institution-based view
Formal aspects
Informal aspects
MNEs’ diverse HRM practices
Ethnocentric hiring
Polycentric hiring
Geocentric hiring
Global talent management
Attracting global talent
Developing talent
Retaining talent
Bibliography
The Future of International Business
The changing geography of international business
New manufacturing powerhouses
Selling into the Global South
Global South MNEs as new players on the world stage
Artificial intelligence’s impact on international business
Economic growth
Global supply chains
Cross-border digital trade
Data and trade negotiations
Global regulation of Al
Al and international business practitioners
Bibliography
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