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Chinese Heritage Sites and their Audiences: The Power of the Past
Research background
Book statement
Fieldwork and data collection
Documentary sources
Qualitative interviews
Semi-structured interviews
Interviews with domestic tourists and residents
Observation
Structure of the book
Notes
International debate on heritage and tourism
UNESCO World Heritage Programme, Eurocentric process
‘Boundedness’ of heritage
The authorised heritage discourse
Evolving of UNESCO World Heritage Programme
Community and heritage
Issue of heritage tourism
China’s heritage tourism
The active sense of tourists
Heritage as a cultural process
Conclusion
Note
Heritage and tourism in China
A context: China’s history and its traditional philosophies
China’s tourism development
Red tourism
Rural tourism
China’s heritage development
China’s heritage management systems
Influence of the Cairns Decision
Discussion
Conclusion
Notes
The Chinese sense of heritage: The nature–culture journey
Case study background
The authorised heritage discourse and harmony discourse of West Lake
Fieldwork
Analysis of documentary sources
Qualitative interviews with Chinese government officials at both national and local levels, and with experts
Interviews with key officials from national governments
Interviews with key officials from the local government of Hangzhou
Interviews with experts
Qualitative interviews with Chinese domestic tourists and residents of Hangzhou
Tourists’ and local people’s discourses of World Heritage and cultural landscape
West Lake: cultural diversity and integrity
West Lake: a continually changing landscape
The emotional feeling associated with the notion of Ten Poetically Named Scenic Places
Conclusion
Notes
Feeling a sense of place
Tourism as a problem: discourses from officials and experts
Tourists’ active sense of heritage
Personal memories
Collective memories
Sense of feeling
Local people’s attitudes to tourism and tourists
Dissonant
Conclusion
Notes
Cultural moments at heritage sites
Xidi and Hongcun – background and tourism development
Fieldwork
Interviews with domestic tourists and residents
Interviews with key local government officials from Xidi and Hongcun
Interview with tourism operators
Observations
Tourists and cultural moments
Discussion – comparison of Xidi and Hongcun
Conclusion
Notes
Local people’s reactions to heritage tourism
Local people’s reactions to tourism
Local people’s reactions to the government’s policies and management mode
The local management policies – ‘Keep Old, Keep Authentic’
Conclusion
Notes
Discussion: Emotion, tourist agency and heritage
The influences of the authorised heritage discourse
Economic gain, cultural gain
Emotional engagement in cultural moments
Emotional expression of feeling
Emotional interactions between local people and tourists
Conclusion
Notes
Book summary
Some implications for World Heritage practice
Further research
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