A Brief History of Psychology - A Brief History of Psychology -

Some Comments on History in General Some Comments on the History of Psychology Approaches to the History of Psychology Summary Notes I Pre-experimental Psychology Early Developments Psychological Thought in Antiquity The Greeks, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance Elementism and Anti-elementism Plato Aristotle The Greek Decline and the Middle Ages The Renaissance Survey of Scientific and Philosophical Trends That Culminated in Experimental Psychology The Scientific Trends The Philosophical Trends Notes The Lines of Development from Science The Physiological Trends A Gross Structural Correlate for a Major Function Study of the Reflex Nervous Conduction The Structure and Function of the Nervous System Localization of Function Specific Nerve and Fiber Energies Other Work in Sensation Quantification The Personal Equation and Reaction Time Statistics Mathematical Models Note The Lines of Development from Philosophy Critical Empiricism Early Empiricists Descartes Hobbes Spinoza Locke Leibniz Berkeley Hume Kant Critical Empiricism after Kant Associationism Hartley The Scottish School The Mills Spencer Darwin Bain Scientific Materialism French Materialism British Materialism German Materialism Later Materialism I Summary II The Rise of Experimental Psychology Wundt’s Immediate Predecessors Some German Contributors before Wundt Wolff Herbart Müller and Weber Lotze Helmholtz Physical and Physiological Contributions Perception and Unconscious Inference Fechner Fechner’s Mysticism Fechner’s Law Psychophysics Experimental Esthetics The Stage Is Set for Psychology’s Emergence Notes Wilhelm Wundt The Man and His Works Wundt’s Psychology Wundt’s System The Field of Psychology, Its Methods, and Its Task The Elements of Experience Consciousness and Attention Association Mental Development Psychic Causality and Creative Synthesis Wundt’s Laboratory and Students Note The Contemporary Scene in the Age of Wundt Three of Wundt’s Contemporaries Brentano Stumpf G. E. Müller and His Students Two Non-Psychologists at Prague Hering Mach Ebbinghaus Külpe and the Würzburg School Külpe The Würzburg School and Its Students Galton and Other British Psychologists Galton Ward, Stout, and Sully McDougall Animal Darwinists The Character of the “New” Psychology Note William James and Psychology in the United States U.S. Psychology before James William James The Man and His Works The Principles of Psychology James’s Philosophy, His Laboratory, and His Students Other U.S. Psychologists of the Turn of the Century Hall and Sanford Ladd and Scripture Seashore and Baldwin Cattell, Jastrow, and Münsterberg The Founding of Laboratories The Founding and Development of the American Psychological Association II Summary III Psychology in the 20th Century The Age of Schools The Great Schools of Psychology Some Issues on Which the Schools Differed How the Schools Related to the Eight Trends The Decline of the Schools Structuralism and Functionalism Titchener Titchener’s Structuralism The Impact of Structuralism The Functionalist Orientation Chicago Functionalists Dewey Angell Carr and Mead Columbia Functionalists Thorndike Woodworth The Mental Testing Movement The Impact of Functionalism Behaviorism Antecedents of Behaviorism Scientific Materialism McDougall Animal Behavior Watson Watson’s Life and Work Watsonian Behaviorism Later Behaviorism Hunter Lashley Hull and Tolman Guthrie and Skinner Other Post-Watsonian Developments The Impact of Behaviorism Notes Gestalt Psychology Antecedents of Gestalt Psychology Ehrenfels and Gestaltqualität Phenomenology The Founders of Gestalt Psychology Wertheimer Koffka Köhler The Tenets of Gestalt Psychology Lewin and Later Gestalt Psychology The Impact of Gestalt Psychology Psychoanalysis Antecedents of Psychoanalysis Freudian Psychoanalysis Freud Freud’s Theories Freudian Psychotherapy Jung, Adler, and Later Psychoanalysts Psychoanalysis and Clinical Psychology The Impact of Psychoanalysis The Immediate Postschools Era An Overview Operationism The Spread of the Empirical Method Professionalism Quantification, Cognitive Psychology, and the Computer Active Models of Human Nature Fragmentation Psychology Addresses Ethical Issues Humanistic Psychology The Last Half of the 20th Century External Influences Shape Psychology Psychological Testing The Emergence of Cognitive Science Biological Psychology and Neuroscience Health Psychology The Growth of Professional Practice Psychology at the Beginning of the 21st Century III Summary IV Psychology’s Promising Past and Enigmatic Future An Evaluation Glossary