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Philosophy of Action: A Contemporary Introduction

What Is the Problem of Action?Activity and Passivity Goal-Directedness Attributability “Actish” Phenomenal Quality Voluntary Action Rational Action, or Acting for Reasons Practical Knowledge Intentional Action Intention Autonomy, Identification, and Self-Governance Further Choice Points a Which Cases Are Paradigmatic?b Questions About Action: Conceptual or Ontological?Conclusion Suggested Reading Action Explanation Guises of Rationalizing Explanation Reasons for Action: Motivating vs. Normative More on the “Why?” Question Action Explanation: Four Views a The Rational Interpretation View b The Causal Theory of Action Explanation c Teleological Realism d Naïve Action Theory Arational Action Summary Suggested Reading The Ontology of Action Which Things in the World Can Be Actions?Under a Description Basic Actions a Bodily Movements b Volitions c Beyond the Body The Accordion Effect How Many Actions?The Causal Theory of Action a Objection I: Deviant Causal Chains, Redux b Objection 2: The Disappearing Agent Alternatives to the Causal Theory a Quietism b Agent-Causation and Causal Powers c Formal Causation d An “Actish" Phenomenal Quality Omissions Mental Actions Summary Suggested Reading Intention Methodological Priority: Present or Future?Goal States and Plan States Reductive Accounts of Intention a Predominant Desire b Predominant Desire Plus Belief c Evaluative Judgment Plan States and Plan Rationality Cognitivism About Intention A Distinctively Practical Attitude Intending and Intentional Action Summary Suggested Reading Practical Knowledge What Do We Mean by “Practical Knowledge?”a Knowledge Without Observation b Knowledge Without Inference c Mistakes Are in the Performance, Not the Judgment d The Cause of What It Understands le Contradicted by Interference The Scope and Object of Practical Knowledge Accounts of Practical Knowledge a Cognitivism About Intention b Imperfective Knowledge c The Inferential Account Summary Suggested Reading Does Action Have a Constitutive Aim?The Guise of the Good The Aim of Self-Understanding The Aim of Self-Constitution The Will to Power No Constitutive Aim Implications for Ethics and Metaethics Summary Suggested Reading Identification and Self-Governance Frankfurt on Identification Watson’s Objection and Platonic Alternative Frankfurt Redux: Wholeheartedness Bratman on Self-governing Policies Skepticism About Self-Governance: A Genealogical Worry Self-Governance and Plan Rationality Summary Suggested Reading Temptation, Weakness, and Strength of Will Is Synchronic Akrasia Even Possible?A Failure of Reasoning?A Divergence Between Evaluation and Motivation?Is Akrasia Necessarily Irrational?Weakness of Will Over Time Self-Control Summary Suggested Reading Collective Agency Questions and Constraints Group Agents Collective Intentions a Tuomela and Miller b Searle c Bratman d Velleman e Gilbert Acting Together Summary Suggested Reading Concluding Thoughts Bibliography

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