Latin America in the World: An Introduction - Latin America in the World: An Introduction -

One: Overview Overview: Latin America and Its Subregions Mesoamerica The Hispanic Caribbean The Bolivarian Republics Andean Latin America Brazil The Southern Cone References and Further Research Latin American Studies: A Multidisciplinary Field Comes of Age Two: Fundamentals History Legacies of the Iberian Past, 1492–1825 Portuguese Brazilian Beginnings White-Indian Relations and the Problem of Indian Forced Labor Black Ibero-Americans in Slavery and Freedom Politics and Church–State Relations The Colonial Economy: Iberian Mercantilism in Theory and Practice Early National Latin America, 1792–1870 The Independence Struggles, 1792–1825 Chaos and Caudillismo, 1825–1870 The Era of Liberal Positivist Oligarchies, 1870–1930 The “Autocratic Republic” of Augusto Leguía: Peru, 1919–1930 Brazil’s Positivist Republic, 1889–1930 Nationalism, Populism, and Social Revolution, 1930–1964 Right-Wing Military Dictatorships, 1964–1989 Contemporary Latin America, 1989–2020 References and Further Research Language Spanish Indigenous Languages in Spanish Territories Portuguese and the Indigenous Languages of Brazil Other European Languages Hybrid Languages English in Latin America References and Further Research Three: The Global Context Globalization in Latin America: Background Historical Background References and Further Research Globalization in Latin America: A Tale of Four Countries Chile Argentina Brazil Bolivia References and Further Research Four: Case Studies Introduction to the Case Studies Change Agents: Women and the Mexican Revolution Causes and Background of the Mexican Revolution Soldiers and Soldaderas Feminists and Change Agents The Revolution’s Legacy References and Further Research The Dissident Cosmos: The Andean World Across Cultural Productions Tahuantinsuyu: The Cosmos before the Conquest The Colonial Period: The Ordered City of Cuzco, 1532–1823 The National Period: Liberal Positivism and Indigenismo, 1823–1945 The Andean World in the Post-War Era: Literature, Visual Arts, and Cinema, 1945–1990 The Andean World in Contemporary Latin America, 1990–2017 References and Further Research The New Latin American Cinema: The Movement and Its Aftermath New Trends Appear in Brazil Argentina’s Fernando Birri and Italian Neorealism Revolutionary Cinema Blossoms at Cuba’s ICAIC Cinema Novo Arises in Brazil Third Cinema in Argentina The NLAC in Other Countries The NLAC Diversifies The Aftermath References and Further Research Magical Realism: The World Within and Beyond Latin America Genealogy Latin American Magical Realists Abroad Marketing History of One Hundred Years of Solitude Magical Realism Transposed: Indo-British and Canadian Magical Realism Salman Rushdie Robert Kroetsch and Jack Hodgins References and Further Research La Malinche: A Look at Gender in the History of Mexico The “Facts” of History Historical and Literary Interpretations References and Further Research Globalization and Neoliberal Reform: A Case Study of Mexico and Argentina Mexico: From Revolutionary Nationalism to Moderate Neoliberalism, 1917–2013 Argentina: From Peronist Nationalism to Neoliberal Reform, 1943–2012 Epilogue: Neoliberal Reform and Globalization in Continental Perspective References and Further Research The Socialist Alternative: Cuba and Venezuela Socialism in Cuba Historical Background The Revolution in Power: Economic and Social Reforms Socialism and Development: The Failure of Charisma and Experimentation, 1959–1968 Institutionalization, Crisis, and Revival Cuban Socialism: Successes and Failures Socialism in Venezuela Historical Background: The Rise and Fall of a Two-Party Democracy The First Chávez Administration Bolivarian Socialism: Hugo Chávez, Oil Boom, and Revolution, 2001–2013 An Epilogue: The Disastrous Presidency of Nicolás Maduro References and Further Research Hard-to-Pick Fruit: Transforming the Landscape of Poverty in Brazil Recent Changes in Poverty and Inequality Inequality and Social Exclusion Policy Changes: Providing Brazilians a Basic Social Foundation Changing Dynamics: Enhancing Opportunity and Inclusion More Oranges for All: The Role of Productivity in Reducing Poverty How to Get That Ladder to Pick the High-Hanging Fruit?References and Further Research About the Editors and Contributors