Human Rights Issues in Tourism - Human Rights Issues in Tourism -

SECTION 1 Background of human rights in tourism INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Introduction: human rights and tourism Brief historical account of the evolution of human rights concepts Core international human rights instruments Universalism vs. cultural relativism discourse on human rights Human rights, civil rights, and civil liberties - similarities and differences in terminology The relationship between international human rights law and domestic law Access to justice and remedies for human rights violations Conclusion: the interface between tourism and human rights Permissions References TOURISM ENTERPRISES AND HUMAN RIGHTS Tourism enterprises and human rights - an introduction Should tourism enterprises be held responsible for human rights violations?The evolvement of voluntary human rights guidelines for corporations Legally enforceable corporate human rights obligations Jurisdiction over corporate human rights violations Conclusion Permissions References HUMAN RIGHTS, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Introduction UN declaration of human rights and UN declaration to the rights to development From the millennium development goals to the Sustainable Development Goals The tourism industry's path to sustainability From the UNWTO declarations to the Berlin Declaration -tourism in the Sustainable Development Goals Conclusion References POLITICS, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND TOURISM Introduction Dimensions of the politics of human rights and the political environment Comparative politics: human rights records of nations and tourism businesses Human rights issues in laws and good governance Politics, tourism, and the relationship to human rights Political stability, state policy, tourism, and human rights The political economy in tourism operations and human rights Conclusion Note References SECTION 2 Human rights issues in tourism HUMAN SECURITY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND TOURISM Introduction Brief evolution of the concept of security From "security" to "human security" in the UN system Human rights and human security Human security issues affecting tourism Personal safety and tourism Exploitation against human beings in tourism Terrorist attacks Violence towards tourists and residents Health security and tourism Communicable diseases and health care Hygiene and sanitation Food, shelter, basic needs security and tourism Community security and tourism Political security and tourism Pro-democracy uprising: The Arab Spring Economic security and tourism Environmental security and tourism Conclusions References RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND TOURISM The right to privacy: an introduction The right to privacy in international human rights law The human right to privacy codified at the national level Physical invasion of privacy in tourism accommodation establishments Invasion of privacy in tourism accommodation establishments by access to personal records Security screenings and physical searches before air travel Collection of personal information- advance passenger information programs and no-fly lists Conclusion Permission References DISPLACEMENT IN TOURISM Introduction Physical displacement of peoples Physical displacement of people and 'gentrification'Disasters and displacement of people Economic displacement of businesses and industries Economic displacement and creative destruction Economic displacement and the sharing economy Economic displacement in tourism caused by COVID-19 Displacement of culture Cultural displacement and the colonial past Cultural displacement through cultural commodification Conclusion References DISCRIMINATION OF PATRONS IN TOURISM ESTABLISHMENTS Discrimination of patrons in tourism establishments - an introduction Discrimination in tourism establishments based on race, national or ethnic origin Discrimination in tourism establishments based on sex/gender Discrimination in tourism establishments based on sexual orientation or gender identity Discrimination in tourism establishment based on religious orientation Discrimination in tourism establishments based on disability Discrimination in tourism establishments and conflicts between different principles Conclusion References RIGHTS TO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND TOURISM Introduction and Overview of Mobility Mobility as a symbol of freedom of movement Freedom of movement and rights to travel Definition of "freedom of movement"Is there a right to tourism?Globalisation and the rights to freedom of movement Influence of globalisation on mobility COVID-19 and the impact on global mobility Mobility and accessibility of persons with special needs Globalisation and the rise of nationalism Inequality of mobilities through passports and travel visas Impact of national security technology on rights Issues of migration of labour in tourism Conclusion Permission References HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOUR CONDITIONS IN TOURISM ESTABLISHMENTS Employees in tourism establishments Human rights and labour standards in the travel and tourism sector Freedom of association and collective bargaining in tourism establishments Forced and compulsory labour in tourism establishments Child labour in tourism establishments Decent work for all in the travel and tourism sector Discrimination of tourism and travel employees Migrant workers in tourism establishments Conclusion Permission References HUMAN RIGHTS, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND TOURISM Introduction Influence of three major UN documents on environmental law Do people have "rights to environment"?Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on human rights The human-environment relationship Agriculture, industrialisation, and environmental changes Environmentalism and environmental movements Environmental issues in tourism Tourism's contribution to global warming Government and the tourism industry's response to environmental issues in tourism Conclusion References INDIGENOUS PEOPLE'S RIGHTS AND TOURISM Introduction Definition of Indigenous people Evolution of conflicts between Indigenous peoples and non-lndigenous peoples Indigenous people's rights and the evolution of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)The significance of Indigenous people's rights in tourism Challenges and opportunities in Indigenous tourism Challenges of Indigenous tourism Opportunities in Indigenous Tourism Conclusion References SEX TOURISM Introduction Sex Tourism: Origins, Legal Responses and Impact on the Economy Children in commercial sexual exploitation Human trafficking, modern slavery and forced sexual exploitation Corporate measures to eliminate forced and underage sex tourism Conclusion Permissions References HUMAN RIGHTS IN TOURISM: Concluding remarks Introduction contributions and discussion questions The COVID-19 pandemic, tourism, human rights issues, and global governance Conclusion and final thoughts References Appendices A: UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (1948)Appendices B: INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS Appendices C: INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS