Complications of Temporomandibular Joint Surgery

Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis Part I - A Neurologist's Perspective Introduction Epidemiology Pathophysiology Migraine Tension-Type Headache (TTH)Chronic Daily Headache Trigeminal Neuralgia Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain Cluster Headache Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia Giant Cell Arteritis Neoplasm Cervicogenic Headache Temporomandibular Disorder Headache Case Scenarios Case Explanations Summary References Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis: Part II - A Physical Therapist's Perspective Introduction Diagnosing Headache and Facial Pain Diagnostic Tests Treatment Biopsychosocial Issues Neck Pain Summary References Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis Part III - A Surgeon's Perspective Introduction Making the Correct Diagnosis The Diagnostic Challenge Arthralgia Enlarged Condyle Small Condyle Clinical Conditions Mimicking TMJ Closed Lock Increased or Normal Mouth Opening with Locked Jaw References Perforation of the External Auditory Canal or Middle Cranial Fossa Introduction Perforation of the External Auditory Canal (EAC)Pathophysiology Potential Sequelae of Puncture into the EAC Prevention of the Complication Open TMJ Surgery Arthroscopic TMJ Surgery Puncture Site Puncture Direction Puncture Depth Puncture Force Recognition and Diagnosis of the Complication Management of the Complication Injury Isolated to EAC Wall Puncture and Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane Initial Medical Management Perforation of the Glenoid Fossa into the Middle Cranial Cavity Pathophysiology of the Complication Sequelae of Perforating into the Middle Cranial Fossa Prevention of the Complication Open TMJ Surgery Arthroscopic TMJ Surgery Puncture Site Puncture Direction Puncture Depth Puncture Force Recognition and Diagnosis of the Complication Management of the Complication Bone Perforation Only Bleeding and Extradural/Subdural Hematoma Dural Tear and CSF Leak References Facial Nerve Injury Introduction Pathophysiology TMJ Procedures and Risk for Facial Nerve Injury Arthrocentesis and Arthroscopy Open TMJ Procedures Prevention of the Facial Nerve Injury Facial Nerve Monitoring Surgical Approaches to the TMJ to Avoid Facial Nerve Injury Recognition and Diagnosis Management of Facial Nerve Injury Nonsurgical Techniques Medical management Physical therapy Botulinum toxin Corrective makeup techniques Surgical Techniques Gold weight implantation - upper eyelid paralysis Browlift/blepharoplasty Static facial sling Lower eyelid procedures Neural procedures A. Extratemporal neurorrhaphy B. Cross-face grafting C. Cable grafting D. Hypoglossal nerve transfer Muscle transposition Free muscle flaps Conclusion References Frey Syndrome Introduction Pathophysiology Frey Syndrome and the Temporomandibular Joint Diagnostic Testing Treatment Conclusion References Neuropathic Pain and Chronic Opioid Use Introduction Pathophysiology Stimulus-Evoked Pain Stimulus-Independent Pain Prevention of Neuropathic Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery Recognition of Neuropathic Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery Diagnosis of Neuropathic Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery Management of Neuropathic Pain Chronic Opioid Use Opioid Tolerance Pain Ladder Is There an Opioid Benefit?Opioid-Related Adverse Events Adverse Drug-Related Behavior Recommendations References Massive Hemorrhage Introduction Anatomy Preoperative Evaluation Surgical Techniques to Avoid Vessel Injury Intraoperative Management of Massive Hemorrhage References Diagnosis and Management of TMJ Heterotopic Bone and Ankylosis Introduction Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Options Nonsurgical Options Gap Arthroplasty and Grafts Fat Grafts Ankylosis in Autogenous Reconstruction Versus Total Joint Prostheses (TJP)Surgical Protocol for Managing Heterotopic Bone Surgical Protocol for Managing TMJ Ankylosis Pediatric Considerations Case Presentation References Infection Following Total Joint Replacement Introduction Pathophysiology Prevention Preoperative Considerations Nutrition Systemic Disease Control Smoking Preexisting Remote Site Infections Perioperative Considerations Skin Pre-incision Antibiotic Prophylaxis Anesthesia Eyes Hair Ear Oral Cavity Pre-incision Skin Preparation Intraoperative Considerations Incisions Parotid Gland TMJTJR Components Hemostasis, Irrigation and Drains Postoperative Considerations Auditory Canal Pressure Dressing Postimplantation Antibiotics Nosocomial Infections Discharge Considerations and Information Postoperative Infection Diagnosis Early TMJ TJR PJI Delayed TMJ TJR PJI References Iatrogenic Degenerative Joint Disease Arthrocentesis and Arthroscopy Arthrocentesis Arthroscopy Open Procedures Open Discopexy Open Discectomy with and Without Interpositional Grafting Total Joint Replacement (TJR)References