Accountability and Regulatory Governance: Audiences, Controls and Responsibilities in the Politics o

When Accountability Meets Regulation The concept of accountability The politics of regulation and accountability Democracy, regulatory institutions and accountability The contributions to this volume Concluding remarks References Varieties of Accountability Mechanisms in Regulatory Agencies Context and theoretical framework Database description and elaboration The scope The variables Countries and sectors Operationalization of accountability mechanisms Analysis of accountability mechanisms Upward accountability Downward accountability Associated characteristics Discussion and conclusions Note References Explaining Self-Perceived Accountability of Regulatory Agencies in Comparative Perspective: How Do Formal Independence and De Facto Managerial Autonomy Interact?Research propositions Data and methodology Calibration of fuzzy set scores Outcome measures: Accountability mechanisms and perceived accountability Conditions: Agency characteristics From calibration to analysis Necessary conditions for high use of accountability mechanisms Analysis of sufficient conditions for accountability mechanisms Sufficient conditions for high use of individual upward accountability mechanisms Sufficient conditions for high use of organizational upward accountability mechanisms Sufficient conditions for high use of downward accountability mechanisms Discussion and conclusion Notes References Assessing the Mandatory Accountability of Regulatory Agencies Independence and accountability in regulatory governance A framework for the assessment of mandatory accountability Assessing the provisions for accountability Accountability for performance Accountability for fairness Conclusions and discussion Notes References Modelling the Relationship Between Independence and Accountability of Regulatory Agencies Independence and accountability: Definitions The relationship between independence and accountability: Operational definitions Independence and accountability vis-a-vis political and social or economic actors A decision-making model Upwards and downwards accountability and policy implementation Conclusions Notes References Designing Accountability Regimes at the European Union Level Accounts on accountability Operationalization Empirical findings Discussion and conclusion Acknowledgements References Social Accountability in the Regulatory Policy Process: The Governance of Telecommunications in Italy and Spain From inter-institutional to social accountability Seeking social accountability: Transparency in action Social accountability and transparency tools in practice AGCOM and CMT consultations Transparency of consultations The impact ofconsultations on agency decisions Benchmarking Regulatory impact analysis (RIA)Closed consultations Agency websites Conclusion: The politics of the transparency game Notes References Accountability of the IRAs in Turkey. A Cross-Sectoral Comparison IRAs, governance and institutional constraints in Turkey Accountability of IRAs across policy sectors The banking regulation and supervision agency Crisis and weakened veto players Transnational regimes and expert networks Concentrated interests and collective action capacity Telecommunications Under the shade of strong veto players Absence of a regime reference and expert networks Concluding remarks Notes References Regulatory Capitalism, Accountability and Democracy The regulatory state and regulatory capitalism Traditions of regulatory accountability New accountability and democracy Conclusions References Financial Markets and Regulatory Accountability: Between Technocratic Autonomy and Democratic Direction The trouble with accountability 'Too Connected To Fail': Dangers still present The weakness of strong ties The potential for contagion Prudential regulation: Caught between homogenization and diversity Reverse accountability Theorizing regulatory performances Way forward Objections (a) Market arbitrage Objections (b) Political rent-seeking Conduct regulation: Helpmate or distraction?The lure of misconduct Professional gatekeepers Conclusion References Accountability and Consumer Sovereignty Perspectives on accountability in the regulatory state Assessing consumer sovereignty Findings Implications Note References Delimiting regulatory accountability The challenges of studying the politics of regulatory accountability Measurement of accountability and explaining variation Accountability and the regulatory policy process Accountability, regulatory governance and democracy Main insights and future research directions Note References