Language myths and the history of English - Language myths and the history of English -

Metaphors, myths, ideologies and archives DEFINING MYTHS CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS AND MYTHS LANGUAGE MYTHS AND CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS The connection with history and the nation-state Conceptual metaphors of language FOUCAULT'S UNDERSTANDING OF DISCOURSE DISCOURSE ARCHIVES MYTHS ARE THE "STUFF THAT IDEOLOGIES ARE MADE ON"THE STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK Establishing a linguistic pedigree THE FIRE AT ASHBURNHAM HOUSE THE MYTH OF THE LONGEVITY OF ENGLISH TRACING THE GROWTH OF INTEREST IN THE BEOWULF MANUSCRIPT THE DATING OF BEOWULF KIERNAN'S ARGUMENTS SOCIOLINGUISTIC ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF A DANELAW PROVENANCE FOR BEOWULF SWITCHING DISCOURSE ARCHIVES Breaking the unbroken tradition LINKING TWO MYTHS METAPRAGMATIC AND METADISCURSIVE LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN INSCRIBED ORALITY Metapragmatic and metadiscursive linguistic expressions Inscribed orality THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLES AND THE ARCHIVE THEY INSTANTIATED What were the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles?What was the archive of which the ASC was an instantiation?THE BREAKDOWN OF THE ARCHIVE AND INSCRIBED ORALITY What was or is the Peterborough Chronicle?Inscribed orality in the first section and First Continuation of the Peterborough Chronicle Inscribed orality in the Second Continuation of the Peterborough Chronicle THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THE ASC: THE END OF A DISCOURSE ARCHIVE The construction of a modern myth: Middle English as a creole THE CREOLISATION HYPOTHESIS THE DISCUSSION THREAD "IS ENGLISH A CREOLE?"THE "MIDDLE ENGLISH IS A CREOLE" DEBATE IN THE ACADEMIC LITERATURE Beginnings of the debate: Bailey and Maroldt (1977)First opponents Confusion reigns Clarity returns ALL LANGUAGE IS LANGUAGE IN CONTACT SIMPLIFICATION PROCESSES NOT RESULTING IN A CREOLE The will of Ketel The First and Second Continuations of the Peterborough Chronicle The Ormulum and Havelok the Dane CREOLISATION OR NO CREOLISATION?Barbarians and others THE NATION-STATE AND THE NOTION OF KULTURSPRACHE LANGUAGE VERSUS A LANGUAGE VERSUS THE LANGUAGE Explaining the paradoxes The cognitive approach to language: Human language versus different languages A focus on the language THE "OTHER" CHRONICLE TRADITION MYTHS IN THE POLYCHRONICON LINKING UP AND EXTENDING THE MYTHS The central myths Three later myths of the sixteenth century Local and peripheral myths THE CENTRAL NEXUS OF LANGUAGE MYTHS The myth of "greatness"INTRODUCTION DATING THE GVS A REAPPRAISAL OF RESEARCH WORK ON AN ELUSIVE PHENOMENON How has the GVS traditionally been presented?What was the "Great Vowel Shift"?GVS DISPUTES CHALLENGING THE GVS SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE GVS THE MYTH OF GREATNESS RECONSIDERED Reinterpreting Swift's A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue POTENTIAL NEW MYTHS THE "IDEOLOGY OF THE STANDARD LANGUAGE" AND THE COMPLAINT TRADITION SWIFT'S PROPOSAL AS THE BEGINNING OF A COMPLAINT TRADITION CONTEXTUALISING THE PROPOSAL SOCIOHISTORICALLY Veiled criticism: The smokescreen of complaining about language Swift's use of the language myths ALTERNATIVE READINGS OF SWIFT'S PROPOSAL SWIFT AND AFTER Polishing the myths THE OBSESSION WITH POLITENESS THE ORIGINS OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITENESS THE HONNETE HOMME AND DESCARTES' PHYSIOLOGICAL METAPHOR GENTRIFYING PHILOSOPHY COMMERCIALISING THE MYTH OF THE POLITE LANGUAGE Establishing the idea of a social order: The Tatler and the Spectator Institutionalising the ideology of politeness/standard English Commercialising standard English, or polite English POSTSCRIPT Challenging the hegemony of standard English "POLITE ENGLISH" AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AT THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY RADICALS, REVOLUTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE "Refined" and "vulgar" language John Horne Tooke and the challenge to the distinction between "refined" and "vulgar" language LANGUAGE AND WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY WILLIAM HONE, PETERLOO AND THE CHARTIST MOVEMENT The three trials of William Hone The shame of Peterloo Chartism and the fear of armed revolution FROM THE LEGITIMATE LANGUAGE TO THE STANDARD LANGUAGE Transforming a myth to save an archive FROM HOMO SOCIALIS TO HOMO CULTURALIS LANGUAGE AND POLITENESS, LANGUAGE AND "EDUCATEDNESS"COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS AND THE TEACHING OF STANDARD ENGLISH PLANNING THE REINTRODUCTION OF GRAMMAR INTO THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM JOHN HONEY AND THE NOTION OF EDUCATEDNESS WHAT IS STANDARD ENGLISH?Commodifying English and constructing a new myth THE EMERGENCE OF A MODERN MYTH ENGLISH—"THE LANGUAGE OF THE WORLD"?THE COMMODIFICATION OF ENGLISH THE PRICE OF ENGLISH IN SWITZERLAND Background information Locating the transformation: Two significant official documents Competing ideologies "The earlier, the better" and the need for English in the global market Consequences of the discourse of English as a global language PROBLEMS IN THE ASSUMPTION THAT ENGLISH IS THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE Myths, ideologies of English and the funnel view of the history of English FROM CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS TO DISCOURSE ARCHIVES: THE FUNCTION OF THE MYTH THE FUNNEL VIEW OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH MYTHS AS STORIES ESTABLISHING THE "SUPERIORITY" OF ENGLISH LINGUISTIC HOMOGENEITY VERSUS LINGUISTIC HETEROGENEITY