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Arabic-Islamic views of the Latin West : tracing the emergence of medieval Europe
Arabic-Islamic Records on Latin-Christian Europe
DISPUTED CATEGORIZATIONS
‘Arabic-Islamic’
‘Latin-Christian’
‘Islam’ and ‘the West’ in ‘the Middle Ages’
SOURCES
Range of Available Sources
Range of Genres
Dealing with Fragmentary Records
STATE OF RESEARCH
Range of Available Studies
A Focus on ‘Muslim’ Stereotypes
Reconstructing Multiperspectivity
An Evolving Information Landscape (7th-15th Centuries)
WORLDS APART BECOME ACQUAINTED (5TH-8TH CENTURIES)
The ‘Arab Factor’ in the History of the Roman Empire
An Arab World-View Limited to the Middle Eastern Sphere?
Into the Unknown
NEIGHBOURS (8TH-15TH CENTURIES)
Under Muslim Rule
Diplomacy and Political Interaction
Military Confrontation and Forced Migration
Commercial Traffic
Infrastructures of Travel and Communication
ENTANGLED SPHERES AND THEIR ARABIC-ISLAMIC CHRONICLERS
Scholars at Work
ABSORPTIVE CAPACITIES
Emerging Intellectual Infrastructures
Geographies of Transmission and Reception
THE LINGUISTIC HURDLE
The Latin Dimension of ‘Frankish’
Latin in al-Andalus
Latin in Muslim North Africa and the Middle East
Scholarship and Language Skills
ACQUIRING RELIABLE DATA ON LATIN-CHRISTIAN EUROPE
Accessing the Pre-Islamic Past
Gathering Data on Contemporary Affairs
Assessing the Value of Acquired Data
CONTEXTUALIZING, ORDERING, AND INTERPRETING DATA
Foreign Words and Concepts
Evoking the Correct Context
Ordering and Interpreting
OBSTACLES OF TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
Discovery of the Roman West
DISCLOSURE OF IMPERIAL HISTORY (5TH-10TH CENTURIES)
The Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Period
Earliest Expositions of Roman History
Development of an Early Standard Narrative
EXPLAINING THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN WEST (10TH-15TH CENTURIES)
Middle Eastern Theories
Muslim al-Andalus and its Roman Past
Compilations of the 13th and 14th Centuries
FROM BYZANTIUM TO ROME
The Visigoths. History of a Conquered People
RODERIC’S FALL: THE CONQUERORS’ PERSPECTIVE (7TH-10TH CENTURIES)
Before the Invasion
Earliest Arabic-Islamic Records on the Visigoths
Origins and Diffusion of the Early Standard Narrative
SUCCESSORS OF ROME: THE LATIN-BASED NARRATIVE (9TH-11TH CENTURIES)
Challenges to the Early Standard Narrative
Diffusion of Translated Latin Sources in al-Andalus
The Visigothic Past within an Arabic-Islamic Framework
Visigothic History and Regional Identity in al-Andalus
CONFLICTING TRADITIONS: LATE COMPILATIONS (13TH-15TH CENTURIES)
Earlier and Later Diffusion of the Latin-based Narrative
The Latin-based Narrative in the Late Medieval Muslim West
Claiming the Visigothic Heritage
A HERITAGE GAINED LOSES APPEAL
From the Franks to France
EARLIEST RECORDS ON THE FRANKS (7TH-9TH CENTURIES)
The Early Muslims and the Frankish Sphere
Direct Contact in the Era of Expansion
NEW VANTAGE POINTS (8TH-10TH CENTURIES)
Andalusian Records on Frankish-Umayyad Relations
Middle Eastern Records on Frankish-Abbasid Relations
EXTENSIONS OF FRANKISH RULE (9TH-14TH CENTURIES)
Catalan ‘Franks’ on the Iberian Peninsula
Norman ‘Franks’ in the Mezzogiorno
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERIC TERM (10TH-15TH CENTURIES)
Theories of the Pre-Crusade Era
Theories in Reaction to Latin-Christian Expansionism
DIVERSIFICATION: FRANCE AND THE FRANKS (13TH-15TH CENTURIES)
France and the French King
France and the Franks
ARABIC-ISLAMIC VERSIONS OF FRANKISH ‘ETHNOGENESIS’
From the Patriarch of Rome to the Pope
EARLY LACK OF RECORDS (8TH-9TH CENTURIES)
Early Encounters between the Muslims and the Bishop of Rome
Neglected Traces?
Dominance of Late Antiquity in the Earliest Records
FRESH INFORMATION FROM THE BORDER ZONES (10TH-13TH CENTURIES)
Via Byzantium: ‘The Pope’, Local Ruler of Christian Rome
Via al-Andalus: Chief of Religious Affairs
Via Sicily and Hungary: Supreme Christian Authority
NEW DATA THANKS TO LATIN-CHRISTIAN EXPANSIONISM (12TH-15TH CENTURIES)
Popes and Muslim Rulers
The Papacy and the Crusading Movement
The Papacy’s Conflict with the Staufen Dynasty
Papal Involvement in the Muslim West
THE POPE’S POSITION WITHIN (LATIN) CHRISTENDOM (13TH-15TH CENTURIES)
The Roman Patriarch of Late Antiquity
From the Ruler of Rome to the Leader of Christendom
Papal Means of Exercising Power
THE RISE OF AN INSTITUTION
The Expanding Latin-Christian Sphere
THE DOCUMENTARY EFFECTS OF EXPANSIONISM (12TH-15TH CENTURIES)
‘Trauma’ and Perplexity
The Rise of Knowledge about Western European Geography
An Updated Political Map of Western Europe
NEW PLAYERS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SCENE (9TH-15TH CENTURIES)
From the British Isles to England
From Slavic Territory to the Realm of the Germans
The Rise of the Italian City-States: The Example of Genoa
EMERGING CHRISTIAN REALMS OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (9TH-15TH CENTURIES)
Annalistic Records from al-Andalus (10th-11th Centuries)
A Fragmentary Middle Eastern Echo (12th-l4th Centuries)
Andalusian and Maghrebian Efforts at Synthesis (13th-l4th Centuries)
Aragon’s Contribution to Middle Eastern Reception (13th-15th Centuries)
A NEW GEOPOLITICAL CONSTELLATION
A Re-evaluation of Arabic-Islamic Records on Latin-Christian Europe
THE RECORDS’ ORIGINS: A SCHOLARLY MILIEU
MENTAL BARRIERS AND THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGY
VARIABLES OF TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
THE DYNAMICS OF RECORD-KEEPING
ESSAY IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF THE LATIN-CHRISTIAN SPHERE
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