A Century of Fiscal Squeeze Politics : 100 Years of Austerity, Politics, and Bureaucracy in Britain - A Century of Fiscal Squeeze Politics : 100 Years of Austerity, Politics, and Bureaucracy in Britain -

I Background and Overview Setting the Scene. The Politics of Austerity and Fiscal Squeeze What Is Fiscal Squeeze and Why does It Matter?Three Key Political Choices in Fiscal Squeeze and Their Consequences Tax Hikes or Spending Cuts?'Surgery without Anaesthetics' or 'Boiling Frogs'?Handling the Blame Observing and Classifying Fiscal Squeezes Why a Single Country and Why the UK?The Analytic Approach: Plan of the Book UK Fiscal Squeezes over a Century. A Summary Comparison Fiscal Squeezes Identified and Compared The Varying Spending/Taxation Composition of Fiscal Squeezes The Disappearing 'Hard Revenue Squeeze'?Spending Squeezes: From Short and Sharp to Long and Shallow?Triggers, Accompanying Conditions, and Composition of Fiscal Squeezes The Implications of a Changing Public Spending Profile for Fiscal Squeeze Changing Profiles of Revenue Squeezes Conclusion II Selected Periods of Fiscal Squeeze over a Century World War I and the 1920s. From Tax Squeeze through Double Squeeze to Spending Squeeze Background: The Period in Perspective The Wartime Revenue Squeeze Post-War Politics: Double Hard Squeeze Tax Revolt and the Shift to Expenditure Squeeze, 1921 After Geddes: Expenditure Squeeze after the Fall of the Lloyd George Coalition Conclusion Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in these Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences The 1930s Squeeze. From Revenue Squeeze to Spending Squeeze via Political Crisis Background: The Period in Perspective What Triggered These Fiscal Squeezes Fiscal Squeeze and The Labour Government, 1931 The National Government 'Emergency' Period, August to October 1931 The National Government after the General Election of October 1931 Blame Politics and Blame Avoidance Winners and Losers: What Was Spared and What Was Sacrificed Conclusions Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in These Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences: Turkeys Voting for Christmas?World War II and Post-War Labour Austerity Background: The Period in Perspective The World War II Revenue Squeeze The Post-War Labour Squeezes The Immediate Post-War Squeeze Mid-Term Fiscal Squeeze Pressures, 1947-49 The Final Labour Years 1950-51 Conclusions Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in These Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences The 'Stop-Go' Squeezes of the 1950s and 1960s Background: The Period in Perspective The 1950s Butler Squeeze The Revenue Squeeze of the Early 1960s The Two Labour Squeezes of the 1960s Conclusions Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in These Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences The 1970s Fiscal Squeeze. Stagflation, Recession, Currency Crisis, and Political Crisis Background: The Period in Perspective The Early-to-Mid-1970s Revenue Squeeze and After: Spending Squeeze in Political, Monetary, and Fiscal Crisis The Turning Point: 1975-76 The Final Phase: 1977-78 Conclusion Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in These Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences Rolling Back the State? Fiscal Squeeze, Thatcher-Style Background: The Period in Perspective The First Thatcher Squeeze The Later Thatcher Episode: Squeezing in Recovery Conclusions Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in These Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences Fiscal Squeeze in the 1990s. Tales of the Unexpected Background: The Period in Perspective The Road to 1992: Recession, Tax Revolt, and Leadership Switch The Turning Point: 1992-93 The Later Conservative Squeeze, 1993-97 Another Turning Point: Pre-1997 Election Bear Traps and Labour 'Prudence'Conclusion Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in These Episodes Electoral and Other Consequences After the 2008 Financial Crash. The Early 2010s Background: The Period in Perspective The Road to 2010 The Coalition's Plans for Fiscal Squeeze Coalition Management, Labour Outcomes?Conclusions Tax and Spending, Depth and Duration, Blame and Control Loss, Cost, and Effort Involved in This Squeeze Electoral and Other Consequences III Patterns and Lessons Conclusions. From the Past to the Future of Fiscal Squeeze Squeeze Intensity and Reported Financial Outcomes Compared How Did the Fiscal Squeeze Game Change Over Time?Blame Politics Triggers for Squeeze Taxing and Spending Consequences: What Did Fiscal Squeezes Leave Behind?The Future of Fiscal Squeeze Politics: Can We Extrapolate?