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Ethics and the Practice of Forensic Science

Preface What Is Ethics?Ethical Theories The Study of Ethics Utilitarianism: The Greater Good Deontological Ethics: Obligation and Intention Comparing Approaches for Forensic Science Ethical Decision-Making Framework for Ethical Decisions Result of Decisions Conclusion References An Ethical Approach to Forensic Professionalism Education Competence Professions and Professionalism Awareness National Academy of Sciences Report President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology Conclusion References Ethics in Forensic Science Crime Scene Laboratory Role of the Scientific Expert Witness Qualification Parameters Misconduct Conclusion References The Ethics of the Criminal Justice Culture Recruitment Culture Ethics of Criminal Justice Ethics Training Unethical Behavior Sources of Pressure for the Forensic Scientist Conclusion References Changing the "Game" of Policing. Ethics and Efficacy in Police Reform and Forensic Investigations The Policing Field and the Disposition It Creates Consequences of the Policing Game Retaliatory Violence against Police “Doing Right" in Policing Identifying the Summum Bonum of Policing: Strong Neighborhoods “Doing Right" by Neighborhood Type: A Situational Ethics toward the Greatest Good Forensic Investigations and Building Strong Neighborhoods Conclusion Author Biographies References Ethics in the Courtroom The Scientist's 16 Perspective Role of Attorneys Attorney-Expert Relationship Admissibility of Scientific Evidence The Frye Case The Daubert Case Misconduct Examples of Misconduct Conclusion References Ethics in Science and Research Science, Technology, and Society Research and Publication Ethics in Science and Research Uncertainty Measurement Uncertainty Goodness of Measurements Misconduct Conclusion Author Biography References Unethical Behavior Unethical Behavior Motivation Justification Consequences Whistle-Blowing Conclusion References Good Examples of Bad Behavior O. J. Simpson Case Annie Dookhan St. Paul Crime Laboratory Case Studies Competency Issues Austin Police Department Crime Laboratory Personal Gain Oregon State Police Crime Laboratory Abuse of Power Massachusetts State Crime Laboratory (Amherst)Florida Department of Law Enforcement Wrongful Convictions Validity of Bite Mark Evidence Overstatement of Hair Evidence Fabrication New Jersey State Police Office of Forensic Science Advocacy Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Laboratory Notorious Examples of Misconduct That Every Forensic Scientist Should Know Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory Conclusion References Codes of Ethics The National Commission on Forensic Science and the Organization of Scientific Area Committees Developing Codes of Ethics Purpose Familiarity with Codes of Ethics Survey of Forensic Science Ethics Documents The American Academy of Forensic Sciences The American Board of Criminalistics Rules of Professional Conduct American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors The International Association for Identification Codes of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct Professionalism Competency and Proficiency Clear Communication Organizational Responsibility Conclusion References Bibliography

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