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COGNITIVE APPROACH TO NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Preface
Delayed Interpretation, Shallow Processing and Constructions: the Basis of the “Interpret Whenever Possible" Principle
Introduction
Delayed processing
Working memory
How to recognize chunks: the segmentation operations
The delaying architecture
Segment-and-store
Aggregating by cohesion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Can the Human Association Norm Evaluate Machine-Made Association Lists?
Introduction
Human semantic associations
Word association test
The author’s experiment
Human association topology
Human associations are comparable
Algorithm efficiency comparison
The corpora
LSA-sourced association lists
LDA-sourced lists
Association ratio-based lists
List comparison
Conclusion
Bibliography
How a Word of a Text Selects the Related Words in a Human Association Network
Introduction
The network
The network extraction driven by a text-based stimulus
Sub-graph extraction algorithm
The control procedure
The shortest path extraction
A corpus-based sub-graph
Tests of the network extracting procedure
The corpus to perform tests
Evaluation of the extracted sub-graph
Semantic consistency of the sub-graph
Matching the sub-graph and a text collection
Directed and undirected sub-graph extraction: the comparison
Results per stimulus
A brief discussion of the results and the related work
Bibliography
The Reverse Association Task
Introduction
Computing forward associations
Procedure
Results and evaluation
Computing reverse associations
Problem
Procedure
Results and evaluation
Human performance
Dataset
Test procedure
Evaluation
Performance by machine
Discussion, conclusions and outlook
Reverse associations by a human
Reverse associations by a machine
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Hidden Structure and Function in the Lexicon
Introduction
Methods
Dictionary graphs
Psycholinguistic variables
Data analysis
Psycholinguistic properties of Kernel, Satellites, Core, MinSets and the rest of each dictionary
Discussion
Limitations
Future work
Bibliography
Transductive Learning Games for Word Sense Disambiguation
Introduction
Graph-based word sense disambiguation
Our approach to semi-supervised learning
Graph-based semi-supervised learning
Game theory and game dynamics
Word sense disambiguation games
Graph construction
Strategy space
The payoff matrix
System dynamics
Evaluation
Experimental setting
Evaluation results
Comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms
Conclusion
Bibliography
Use Your Mind and Learn to Write: The Problem of Producing Coherent Text
The problem
Suboptimal texts and some of the reasons
Lack of coherence or cohesion
Faulty reference
Unmotivated topic shift
How to deal with the complexity of the task?
Related work
Assumptions concerning the building of a tool assisting the writing process
Methodology
Identification of the syntactic structure
Identification of the semantic seed words
Word alignment
Determination of the similarity values of the aligned words
Determination of the similarity between sentences
Sentence clustering based on their similarity values
Experiment and evaluation
Outlook and conclusion
Bibliography
Stylistic Features Based on Sequential Rule Mining for Authorship Attribution
Introduction and motivation
The authorship attribution process
Stylistic features for authorship attribution
Sequential data mining for stylistic analysis
Experimental setup
Dataset
Classification scheme
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Bibliography
A Parallel, Cognition-oriented Fundamental Frequency Estimation Algorithm
Introduction
Segmentation of the speech signal
Speech and pause segments
Voiced and unvoiced regions
Stable and unstable intervals
F0 estimation for stable intervals
F0 propagation
Control flow
Peak propagation
Unstable voiced regions
Parallelization
Experiments and results
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Benchmarking n-grams, Topic Models and Recurrent Neural Networks by Cloze Completions, EEGs and Eye Movements
Introduction
Related work
Methodology
Human performance measures
Three flavors of language models
Experiment setup
Results
Predictability results
N400 amplitude results
Single-fixation duration (SFD) results
Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
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