China’s Ethical Revolution and Regaining Legitimacy: Reforming the Communist Party through Its Public Servants - China’s Ethical Revolution and Regaining Legitimacy: Reforming the Communist Party through Its Publi -

The China Dream, History, Religion and Modernization Revival of History: Tension Between Tradition and Development Revival of Religion: Tension Between the Modern and Postmodern Historical Discourses and the China Dream History as a Moral Supplement for Modernization The “Old Days” as “Reference Object”: The Tension Between Humiliation and Greatness Historic-Cultural Discourses: Tension Between the Self and the Other Culture as Symbolic Resources for Rebuilding the Party’s Legitimacy The “Mandate of Heaven” to Rule The Moral Righteousness of the Charismatic Leader The Discourse of the China Model: Tension Between the Self and the Other Tension of Relationships Between the State and the Market Tension Between Democracy and Authoritarianism Tension Between Generalization and Reality Tension Between Authoritarianism and Individualization Concluding Remarks Note Bibliography Comparisons, Paradigms and the Remnant of Division: Our Approach Comparison and its Colonial Implications Opening Spaces beyond Dialectics The Paradigmatic Approach to Studying Spirituality Notion of Spirituality and Ways of Studying Ethical Political Actors Note Bibliography Discourses of Corruption: The Contest Between Different Authorities Corruption as Threshold of Various Divisions Tension Between the Legal and Moral Tension Between Public Interests and Private Gains Tension Between the Party and the Masses The Tension Between Party Members and Non-Party Members Guanxi: Connections Between Different Tensions Threshold Between Moral and Immoral Connections: Between the Instrumental and the Affective Trust and Risk Between the Gift Receiver and Gift Giver The Formation of Factions Within the Party Faction: Tensions Between Officials’ Guanxi and Party Membership Faction: Tension Between the Formal State and Shadow State Faction: Tension Between the Individual Leader and the Party System Concluding Remarks Notes Bibliography State of Exception: The Examination of Anti-Corruption Practices Party as the Shadow State Rehabilitating the Party’s Ecology Anti-Corruption as State of Exception: A Parallel “Justice” System Relationship Between the Legitimacy of the Party and Corrupted Officials Games of Truth Between the Party and Corrupted Officials Politics of Fear and Uncertainty Politics of Fear Through Governing Public Appearances Politics of Fear Through Governing Spaces Politics of Uncertainties: Destabilizing Guanxi in Factions Concluding Remarks Notes Bibliography The Discourse of Formalism and Bureaucratism: The Contest of Order Within the Party Tension Between Officialdom and Bureaucracy Within the Party Undesirable Working Styles and Corruption: Discipline as a Mediator Between the Moral and the Lega^l Formalism and Bureaucratism: Tension Between Meritocracy and Virtuocracy Tension Between Leaders and Subordinates Formalism: Tension Between the Means and the Ends Tension Between Subject and Action Tension Between “the Capable” and “the Moral”Tension Between Documents and Meetings Tension Between the People and the Leader Bureaucratism: Tension Between the Centre and the Local Tension Between Subjective Decision and Objective Reality Tension Between Duty and Personal Will Tension Between Pleasure and Suffering Concluding Remarks Note Bibliography Discourse of Hedonism and Extravagance: Tension Between the Agency and the Actor Tension Between Officialdom and the Party Tension Between Political and Economic Powers Tension Between Officials and Legitimacy Tension Between “the Communist” and “the Individualist”Tension Between Spiritual Improvement and Economic Development Tension Between Officialdom and the Way of Life Tension Between Prohibitions and the Way of Life Tension Between Work and Family Tension Between the Culture of Work and the Freedom of Self Tension Between the Privileged and the Ordinary Tension Between Female and Male Officials Tension Between Communism and Chineseness Concluding Remarks Bibliography The Mass Line Education Programme Mutual Criticism and Self-Criticism The Virtuous Circle: The Party and the People Legitimacy Through Morality Enhancing Service Through Recognizing and Eradicating Shortcomings Learning from Good and Bad Examples Bibliography Technologies of the Self Turning the Gaze Towards the Self Through Remembering Revealing Truths Through Self-Criticism Speech Knowing the Self Through Direction of Others Politics of Shame, Sincerity and Honesty in Avowal Finalization of Relations to the Self Concluding Remarks Note Bibliography Remnant and Hybridization: The Effects of Governing Cynicism in Criticism and Self-Criticism Sessions Cynicism in Governing Practice: “Unable, Unwilling and Irresponsible”Cynicism as a Remnant Resentment of Indiscriminate Governing and How to Resist It Irony and Overreaction Hybridization Conclusion: The Unfinished Revolution Note Bibliography Bibliography